Come, let's have a fantastic cognitive journey- what is sensation? what is perception- errors in perception-illusion-hallucination-differentiate illusion and hallucination- what is memory-what is forgetting-what are mnemonics- how to memorize effectively- theories of forgetting- Rote memory- logical memory-
4. Sensation refers to the
process of sensing our
environment through
touch, taste, sight, sound,
and smell.
SENSATION
5. Perception is the way we
interpret these sensations
and therefore make sense
of everything around us.
PERCEPTION
6. It may be due to defect in our sense organs or
defective functioning of the brain. Many
times the prejudices in the individual, time of
perception, unfavorable background, lack of
clarity of stimulus, confusion, conflict in
mind and such other factors are responsible
for errors in perception.
ERRORS in
PERCEPTION
8. ILLUSION
Illusion is a wrong perception where
a person is mistaking a stimulus.eg. A
person is being afraid of the rope
mistaking that it is a snake.
13. What is a Concept
A concept is a
mental image on
a category of a
thing, place or
event which
keep common
elements and
characteristics
14. What is a Concept
A concept is a
mental image on
a category of a
thing, place or
event which
keep common
elements and
characteristics
15. What is
Concept Formation?
Concept Formation is the process of creating
mental images on different categories of things,
events or places by storing the common elements
and characteristics.
24. Different Types
of Memory
Sensory, Short & Long Term
Episodic & Semantic
Photographic & Visual
Rote & Meaningful
Active & Passive
25. What is
Forgetting?
Forgetting is the inability to
recall an early perceived or
learnt item, experience,
promise, appointment etc.
when it is needed.
26. Causes behind
forgetting
Faulty Memory
Process
Interference
Retrieval Problems
Lack of readiness to
recall
Physical Damages
Genetic Factors
Lack of Recollecting
28. Theories of
forgetting
1. The Trace Decay
Theory
According to this theory, forgetting
occurs because of the fading of the
memory traces or engrams as a
result of lack of using the stored
item for a long period.
29. Theories of
forgetting 2. Theory of Inhibition or
Interference
According to this theory,
forgetting occurs because of
the interference or inhibition
of the memory traces of other
stored or learnt items
Retroactive inhibition:
Inhibition of new in the
previous items.
Proactive inhibition: Inhibition
of previous in the new items.
30. Theories of
forgetting
3. The Repression
Theory
It is a defensive mechanism that
painful items are thrown into
unconscious mind and the person
does not wish to remember them.
34. Metacognition It is higher level of thinking
which facilitates complete
control over the cognitive
process with planning,
implementing, monitoring,
reviewing etc.
35. Precognition It is also called future sight or
second sight which is the
ability to see the future
events. It is a non-inferential
prediction of the future.