This document contains review questions for a cell biology test. It covers topics like the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, plant and animal cells, active and passive transport, diffusion and osmosis, organelles like the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, the cell cycle of mitosis and meiosis, and cell structure from the organelle to tissue to organism level. It also reviews experiments on diffusion and dependent vs independent variables in experiments.
17. Why does DNA
double in mitosis?
So the daughter cells are
identical to the parent cell
18. If a dog has 78 chromosomes
in the parent cell, how any are
in the daughter cells after
mitosis?
78
19. If a dog has 78 chromosomes
in the parent cell, how any are
in the daughter cells after
meiosis?
39
20. What are the two
layers of a leaf?
Epidermis and
Mesophyll
21. If you water a plant, it will grow taller.
What is the independent variable and
dependent variable?
IV= watering the plant
DV= height of plant
22. A student wants to see if planting fish
bones with a plant will help it grow.
What could she use as her control?
A plant in soil, without
any changes.
26. What are three
differences between
plant and animal cells?
• Plant cells have a cell wall, animal cells do not
• Plants cells have a chloroplast, and animal cells do not
• Plant cells are usually square, and animal cells are
usually round
• Plant cells have one large vacuole, and animal cells have
many smaller ones
27. What are the two types
of cells?
Hint: Nucleus or no nucleus
Prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic
28. Describe, in detail, the
steps to focusing a
microscope.
Place slide on stage.
Start on lowest objective.
Move coarse adjustment.
Move to higher objective.
Only use fine adjustment
29. What are the two
ways that cells divide?
Mitosis and
Meiosis
30. Which occurs in body cells,
and which occurs in
reproductive cells?
Mitosis and Meiosis
Body= Mitosis
Reproductive= Meiosis
31. Which is how bacteria
reproduce?
Mitosis or Meiosis
Mitosis
32. What has different DNA
from the parent cells?
Mitosis or Meiosis
Meiosis
33. Which has the same number of
chromosomes in the daughter
cells?
Mitosis or Meiosis
Mitosis
34. What is it called when
molecules move across
a membrane?
Diffusion
35. What is it called when
water, specifically, moves
across a membrane?
Osmosis
36. Describe an experiment
we conducted that
displayed diffusion.
Eggs in vinegar/colored water
Potato in salt water
Air freshener in the room
Food coloring in water
37. What is it called when
something reaches a
balanced state, or
diffusion slows?
Equilibrium
38. A students wants to see which type of
fertilizer will help a plant grow taller.
What is the independent variable and
the dependent variable?
IV= amount of fertilizer
DV= plant height
40. What are the three
parts to the Cell Theory?
• All living things are made up of cells.
• Cells are the basic unit of structure and
function.
• Cells come from preexisting cells.
41. If I give patients more
medicine, then they will
have less headaches.
IV= amount of medicine
DV= frequency of
headaches
42. If someone is stressed,
than their heart will
beat faster.
IV= stress
DV= heart rate
43. What is the basic unit
of all living things?
Cell
60. Why does DNA
double in mitosis?
So the daughter cells are
identical to the parent cell
61. If a dog has 78 chromosomes
in the parent cell, how any are
in the daughter cells after
mitosis?
78
62. If a dog has 78 chromosomes
in the parent cell, how any are
in the daughter cells after
meiosis?
39
63. What are the two
layers of a leaf?
Epidermis and
Mesophyll
64. A student wants to see if planting fish
bones with a plant will help it grow.
What could she use as her control?
A plant in soil, without
any changes.
