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Evolution I.
EVOLUTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Evolutional  theories
JEAN BAPTISTE LAMARCK  (1744 – 1829) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
GEORGES CUVIER (1769 – 1832) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CHARLES DARWIN (1809 – 1882) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Charles Darwin stopover at the Galápagos Islands – Darwin described 13 species of finches resembled one another in the structure of their beaks, body forms, and plumage
Darwin´s finches
DARWIN’S CONCEPT OF EVOLUTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The fate of the Darwin's theory
Alfred Russel Wallace  (1823 – 1913) ,[object Object]
NEODARWINISM  -  THE MODERN SYNTHESIS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RECENT CHALLENGES TO THE MODERN SYNTHESIS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Theodosius Dobzhansky  (1900 – 1975) "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution."
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/index.html Public Broadcasting Service –  www section about evolution
EARLY EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prebiotic evolution
What happened during the prebiotic evolution? Urey-Miller experiment
The Urey - Miller experiment
The theory of RNA world nucleotides RNA aminoacids, proteins DNA
GEOLOGIC PERIODS PROTEROZOI C ARCHA EAN PREKAMBRI AN Origin of life Recent QUARTERNARY TERTIARY C ENOZOI C ERA MESOZOIC P ALEOZOIC
Geologic periods
The Precambrian's lower limit is not defined, but ended about 542  (570?)  million years ago. The Precambrian encompasses about 90% of Earth's history.
EARLY EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY  II. ,[object Object],[object Object]
Ediacara Hills - Australia Tribrachidium Charniodiscus Mawsonites Dickinsonia Fossils of precambrian soft-bodied organisms
Ediacaran (Vendian) organisms  – possible reconstruction
Riddle of Ediacara
Cambrian – beginning of Paleozoic
Pikaia   – a fossil of the first chordate
Pikaia  – reconstruction
Cambrian explosion (cambrian radiation)
At the end of Paleozoic first land vertebrates appeared reptile  Dimetrodon
Mass extinction at the end of Permian 90% of species extinct
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/change/deeptime/index.html Evolution of life
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/extinction/dinosaurs/index.html What happened before 65 millions of year s ? K/T border (= cretaceous / tertiary) – extinction of dinosaurs and a lot of other species  (approximately 75 % of species)

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Evolution I 2007