47. How have pine and hardwood stands in a
temperate forest responded to 15 years of
nitrogen additions?
48. The Harvard Data Set Questions
1. how tree growth in northeast forests will
respond to long-term N fertilization
2. measured leaf photosynthesis of pine
needles in the control and high N plots
49. Harvard Forest
The control (A and C) and high N addition (B and D) plots in the hardwood (A and B) and pine (C
and D) stands at the Chronic Nitrogen Addition Study at the Harvard Forest in central
Massachusetts (USA).
50. Data Set 1
• how tree growth in northeast forests will
respond to long-term N fertilization
51. Aboveground Net Primary Productivity
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003
Year
NPP(gm-2)
hardwood control
hardwood low N
hardwood high N
pine control
pine low N
pine high N
57. Note: This Forest Watch school map includes schools that have participated in Forest Watch
in past years, not necessarily during 2006-07.
Figure 1.
Note: This Forest Watch school map includes schools that have participated in Forest Watch
in past years, not necessarily during 2006-07.
Figure 1.
Note: This Forest Watch school map includes schools that have participated in Forest Watch
in past years, not necessarily during 2006-07.
Figure 1.
58. Needle Health (REIP) Against Mean Monthly-Max Ozone Concentration
All New Hampshire Schools (1991-2006)
704
706
708
710
712
714
716
718
720
722
724
726
728
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
(REIP)
RedEdgeInflectionPoint
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Ozoneconcentration(ppb)
Needle Health
Ozone
Healthy Needles
Unhealthy Needles
rs = -0.47
P = <0.10
•In 2006, mean monthly max ozone decreased and REIP remained elevated
•High REIP’s in 2006 indicate healthy pine needles with high amounts of chlorophyll
•In 2006, high REIP values corresponded to low ozone values as they have in most years
since Forest Watch began.
•2004 through 2006 are our highest REIP values.
REIP is rising over time, Our white pines are getting healthier!
59. High temperatures are required for ozone formation. Another
important climate variable is wind patterns, which play a big role
in the daily levels of ozone in New England.
Source: EPA: http://www.epa.gov/region01/
60. White Pine Spectral CurveWhite Pine Spectral Curve
& Landsat Band Regions& Landsat Band Regions
TM1(Blue)
TM2(Green)
TM1(Red)
TM4(NIR)
TM5(MIR)
TM7(MIR)
WaterAbsorption
WaterAbsorption
Cellulose
RedEdge
NIR3
NIR1
Leaf
Pigments Cell Structure Water Content
Lignin
Hinweis der Redaktion
Figure 54.6 A West Indies manatee (Trichechus manatus) in Florida
