1.
Malignancies among
Women
Early detection &
Prevention
MATHEW VARGHESE V
MSN(RAK),FHNP (CMC
Vellore),CPEPC
Nursing officer
AIIMS Delhi
1mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in

2.
Cancer Statistics in India
Positio
n
Male Female
1
LIP,ORAL CAVITY BREAST
2 LUNG CERVIX
3 STOMACH COLORECTUM
4 COLORECTUM OVARY
5 PHARYNX LIP,ORAL CAVITY
2mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in

3.
Breast cancer
 Breast cancer is the most common
cancer in women in India and
accounts for 27% of all cancers in
women
 It can occur at any age, but the risk
goes up as you get older.
 Some women at high risk for breast
cancer because of their family history
and genetic tendency
3mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in

4.
Warning Signs of Breast
Cancer
4mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in

5.
Warning Signs of Breast
Cancer
5mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in

6.
Breast Cancer Screening
Tests
Mammogram
A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast. Mammograms are the
best way to find breast cancer early.
After 45yrs it is always better to do mammograms every year.
Breast MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging )
A breast MRI uses magnets and radio waves to take pictures of
the breast.
Clinical Breast Exam
A clinical breast exam is an examination by a doctor or nurse,
who uses his or her hands to feel for lumps or other changes.
6mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in

7.
Breast self examination
• Detects the majority of breast
abnormalities
• Potentially life-saving
• Monthly exam, at end of
menses
• Start in front of mirror
7mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in

8.
8mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in

9.
Cervical cancer
 Cervical cancer can affect any woman
who is or has been sexually active.
 It occurs in women who have had the
human papilloma virus (HPV).
 This virus is passed during sex.
 Cervical cancer is also more likely in
women who smoke, have HIV or
AIDS, have poor nutrition.
9mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in

10.
Warning signs of Cervical
Cancer
Bleeding after intercourse
Bleeding after menopause
Bleeding between periods
Bleeding following a pelvic exam
Having heavier menstrual periods
than usual or ones that last longer
than usual
Unusual vaginal discharge
Pain during sex
10mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in

11.
Screening for Ca Cervix
The American Cancer Society recommends
 Cervical cancer testing should start at age
21
 Women between ages 21 and 29 should
have a Pap smear test done every 3 years.
 Above 30 years aged women should have
a Pap smear test plus an HPV(Human
Papilloma Virus) test has to done every 3-5
yrs
11mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in

12.
Colorectal cancer
Most colorectal cancers are found in
people age 50 or older.
 People with a personal or family
history of this cancer,
or who have polyps in their colon or
rectum,
or those with inflammatory bowel
disease
are more likely to have colon cancer.
12mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in

13.
Warning signs of Colorectal
cancer
 A change in bowel habits, such as
diarrhea, constipation, or narrowing of
the stool, that lasts for more than a few
days
 A feeling that you need to have a bowel
movement that is not relieved by doing
so
 Rectal bleeding
 Dark stools, or blood in the stool
 Cramping or abdominal (belly) pain
 Weakness and fatigue
 Unintended weight loss 13mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in

14.
Screening of Colorectal
Cancer
 Two types of tests
1.Tests that find polyps and cancer
2.Tests that mainly find cancer
14mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in

15.
Tests that find polyps and
cancer
 Colonoscopy every 10 years
 CT Colonography (virtual
colonoscopy) every 5 years
 Flexible Sigmoidoscopy every 5 years
 Double-contrast barium enema every
5 years
15mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in

16.
Tests that mainly find
cancer
 Fecal immunochemical test (FIT)
every year
 Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) every
year
 Stool DNA test every 3 years
16mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in

17.
17mathewvmaths@yahoo.co.in