2. Curriculum
Viewed as a listing of
subjects to be taught in
school.
It refers to the total
learning experiences of
individuals not only in
schools but in a society as
well.
3. oTraditional
Points of
View of
Curriculum
Traditional Points of View
of Curriculum
"curriculum is that it is a
body of subjects or
subject matter prepared
by the teachers for the
students to learn.“
" It was synonymous to
the "course of study" and
"syllabus".
4. Robert Maynard Hutchins
(January 17, 1899 – May 17, 1977)
Views curriculum as "permanent studies"
where the rules of grammar, rhetoric and
logic and mathematics for basic education
are emphasized.
Basic education should emphasize 3 Rs and
college education should be grounded on
liberal education.
5. Arthur Bestor
(September 20, 1908 – December 13, 1994)
Essentialist
He believes that the
mission of the school
should be intellectual
training.
6. Joseph Schwab
(1909–1988)
discipline is the sole
source of curriculum.
Thus, in our education
system, curriculum is
divided into chunks of
knowledge we call
subject areas in basic
education such as
English, Mathematics,
Science, Social Studies
and others
7. Thus curriculum can be
viewed as a field of study.
It is made up of its
foundations (philosophical,
historical, psychological, and
social foundations); domains of
knowledge as well as its
research theories and
principles.
Curriculum is taken as
scholarly and theoretical.
8. Progressive Points of View
of Curriculum
To a progressivist, a
listing of school
subjects, syllabi, course
of study, and list of
courses of specific
discipline do not make a
curriculum.
9. John Dewey
October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952
He believed that reflective
thinking is a means that
unifies curricular
elements. Thought is not
derived from action but
tested by application.
10. Caswell and Campbell
curriculum as "all
experiences children have
under the guidance of
teachers.“
Stanley and shores when
they defined "curriculum as a
sequence of potential
experiences set up in schools
for the purpose of disciplining
children and youth in group
ways of thinking and acting."
11. Marsh and Willis
curriculum as all the
"experiences in the
classroom which are
planned and enacted
by teacher, and also
learned by the
students.
