20. Coarse-scale population structure of pathogenic
Armillaria, Blue Mountains, Oregon
Ferguson et al. (2003) Canadian Journal of Forest Research
21. Survey of Armillaria species in NY State
Bludgett and Worrall (1992) Plant Disease
22. Survey of Armillaria species in NY State
Distribution of sites in New York State
in which Armillaria was found
(empty squares) and in which Armillaria
was not found (black triangles)
Bludgett and Worrall (1992) Plant Disease
23. Armillaria records in
New Zealand
(A. limonea and A.
novae-zelandiae)
Source: ENSIS
Forest Biosecurity,
New Zealand
24. Distribution of
Armillaria
species
in Japan
Ota et al. (1998)
Plant Disease
25. Global distribution of the Heterobasidion
annosum complex (dark shaded areas)
light shaded areas = H. araucariae;
line drawing: H. insulare
From: Asiegbu et al. (2005) Molecular Plant Pathology
26. Decay caused by Heterobasidion on the surface
of an Abies sachalinensis stump (Japan)
From: Tokuda et al. (2007) Forest Pathology
27. Heterobasidion disease centre in a stand of Pinus
sylvestris, thinned 40 years ago (Lithuania)
From: Lygis (2005) Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae
28. Soil risk map for Heterobasidion annosum, SE USA
Source: Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture
29. Tree infected by white pine blister rust
(Cronartium ribicola)
Source: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service
30. Urediniospores of blister rust (Cronartium
ribicola) on the lower side of a Ribes leaf
Source: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service
39. Distribution of subspp novo-ulmi and americana
Brasier & Kirk (2001) Mycological Research
40. Damage due to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi in Spain
Source: Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria de Medi
Ambient, Aigua, Urbanisme i Habitage
41. Damage due to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi in Denmark
Source: Biopix, Denmark
42. Healthy elm trees in Princeton, New Jersey
Planted in the 1930's, these elm trees in Princeton, N.J., have not
succumbed to Dutch elm disease. Source: NYTimes (2004)
43. References
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Holdenrieder O, Pautasso M, Weisberg PJ & Lonsdale D (2004) Tree diseases and landscape processes: the challenge of landscape pathology.
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