Presentation for Chapter 2. "The Human Brain" by Mariya Demidovich

1. The Human Brain MariyaDemidovich

2. Introduction The brain is the largest organ in the body. Part of the central nervous system along with the spinal cord. Regulates various internal and external body functions http://www.simpsonstrivia.com.ar/simpsons-photos/wallpapers/homer-simpson-wallpaper-brain-1024.jpg

3. Anatomy of the Brain Hypothalamus: controls and regulates multiple body systems. Regulates the release of hormones to the pituitary gland. Pituitary Gland: secretes and regulates many necessary hormones. Brain Stem: communicates between spinal cord and brain. Spinal Cord: carries impulses from the brain to the rest of the body. Cerebellum: coordinates voluntary body movements. Pineal Gland: secretes the hormone melatonin which regulates the sleep cycle http://www.cksinfo.com/clipart/medicine/anatomy/brain-diagram-1.png Cerebrum: the biggest and oldest part of the brain. Major center for integration of higher brain function

4. Cerebrum Frontal Lobe: -Motor Function -Personality -Speech Temporal Lobe: -Hearing -Smell Occipital Lobe: -Vision Temporal Lobe: -Hearing -Smell http://www.knutsford-scibar.co.uk/webimages/brain1.jpg

5. How Do We Know So Much about the Brain? Electroencephalography (EEG) -Records the brain’s activity by using electrodes. -Often used in “sleep studies” to help understand any sleep problems that a patient is having. Positron-Emission Tomography (PET) -detects areas of intense chemically active tissue -Can measure oxygen and glucose uptake, blood flow, etc. -Measures metabolic activity of the tissue -Helps doctors detect tumors in the brain Magnetoencephalography (MEG) -Maps brain activity by using magnetic fields and the brain’s own electrical currents. -Helps doctors identify various disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis.

6. Common Brain Disorders -Alzheimer’s disease: mental disorders usually affecting older adults. Mainly consists of dementia and loss of memory -Schizophrenia: mental disorder that involves a misconception of reality marked by hallucinations and delusions. -Cerebral Palsy (CP): brain damage that was usually a result of some trauma that occurred during birth

7. Various Treatments Drug Therapy Using various pharmaceuticals to treat mental disorders. Some general categories are antidepressants, anti-anxiety and stimulants. Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Psychoanalytical therapy that uses a systematic approach to solve various psychotic disorders

8. Resources Campbell, Reece. Biology. 6th ed. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings, 2002: 1040-1053. Fremgen, Frucht. Medical Terminology: A Living Language. 4th ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2009: 386-408. Wright, Jesse H. “Cognitive-Behavior Therapy.” Review of Psychiatry. 23.3 (2004): 1-15.