2. FORM
HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE
Ex: When I arrived, my parents had left.
Had you already had lunch when they arrived?
We hadn’t finished homework when they came.
Auxiliary for
the negative
and
interrogative
form.
3rd column of
irregular
verbs /-ed

3. USE
•The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before
another action in the past. That’s why it is often combined with the past
simple tense.
Ex: I didn’t have any money because I had lost my purse.
2 1
1.I lose my purse
2.I don’t have any money
•To describe a period of time before a past action.
Ex: We had had that car for ten years before it broke down

4. REPHRASING EXERCISES
Rewrite the sentences using the past perfect and the past simple.
I took an aspirin. Then I felt better.
After I had taken an aspirin, I felt better.
1 She did her homework. Then she went to bed.
2 We saw our friends. Then we went home.
3 He rang his parents. Then he felt happy.
4 I went to London. Then I visited Oxford.
•They took some photos. Then they left.
6 First, I bought the ticket. Then, I went into the cinema

5. Complete with the past simple or past perfect form of the
verbs in brackets.
(by the time= when)
1.Pam ______________ (erase) the blackboard before the
teacher______________(check) all the exams.
2.Sam ________________ (do) the homework by the time his
mum ______________(return) home
3. Mary _____________ (finish) her project and was walking her
dog by the time her mother _______________ (arrive) home.
4.By the time Keith ______________(get) to the bus stop, the
bus ______________(already/leave).
5. It ________________ (start) to rain when Mary
________________(leave) school.

6. Complete with the past simple or past perfect form of the
verbs in brackets.
(by the time= when)
1.Pam ______________ (erase) the blackboard before the
teacher______________(check) all the exams.
2.Sam ________________ (do) the homework by the time his
mum ______________(return) home
3. Mary _____________ (finish) her project and was walking her
dog by the time her mother _______________ (arrive) home.
4.By the time Keith ______________(get) to the bus stop, the
bus ______________(already/leave).
5. It ________________ (start) to rain when Mary
________________(leave) school.