Power Point Presentation realizada como parte de kla unidad integrada trabajada en 1º ESO, en las enseñanzas bilingües de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias Sociales.

1. Acid Rain

2. Acid Rain
Burning fossil fuels releases toxins (Sulfur dioxide
and Nitrogen oxide) into the atmosphere.

3. pH Scale
•
•
•
The pH scale is a number scale from 014 that measures how acidic or basic
something is.
Something with a pH of 7 is neutral
(water).
A pH less than 7 indicates an acid, the
closer you get to zero, the stronger the
acid is.

4. • Normal rain has a pH of about 5.6.
• The pH of acid rain can be as low as 3.

5. What is Acid Rain
• Formed when gases, such as CO2 and SO2
react with the water in the atmosphere.
• The pH of Rain drops
– As low as pH of 2
– Very harmful to our
living environment

6. How does Acid Rain effect us
• It kills micro-organisms
• It poisons plants
• It damages metals and
limestone
• It kills fish and birds.
• Respiratory problems
in humans, can even die.

7. More effects…
• Loss of nutrients in the soil (acid dissolves
them).
• Plant roots are damaged and can’t take in
water as effectively.
• In aquatic environments, acid rain can
cause the death of the animals that live
there.

8. Other issues…
• Acid rain can travel great
distances away from it’s source
as it travels with wind and
clouds.
• In 1980, 50% of the acid rain
that fell in Eastern Canada
came from the US.
• Acid rain can also damage
buildings (eats away at
limestone) and corrode metals
as well.

9. • What are
the
solutions to
acid rain?

10. Solutions
• 1. Sulphur dioxide can be removed from power
stations chimneys.
• 2. Reduce the amount of electricity we use
- turn tv’s off at the mains, don’t leave on standby.
- turn off lights when a room is not in use.
• 3. Use renewable energy like wind power, solar
panels, geothermal energy,…
• 4. Limit the number of vehicles on the roads and
increase public transport.

11. What is global warming?

12. How Global Warming Works
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)

13. Example of the
Greenhouse Effect
The Sun’s energy
passes through the
car’s windshield.
This energy (heat)
is trapped inside
the car and cannot
pass back through
the windshield,
causing the inside
of the car to warm
up.

14. What’s the difference
between “global warming”
and “climate change”?

15. Difference
GLOBAL WARMING
is the increase of the
Earth’s average
surface temperature
due to a build-up of
greenhouse gases in
the atmosphere.
CLIMATE CHANGE
is a broader term that
refers to long-term
changes in climate,
including average
temperature and
precipitation.

16. Effects of Global Warming
Rising Sea Level
Habitat Damage and
Increased Temperature
Changes in Water Supply

17. What’s the proof that
global warming is taking
place?

18. Portage Glacier
• Alaska
1914
2004

19. Colorado River
• Arizona
June 2002
Dec 2003

20. Why is global warming
happening?

21. Burning of Fossil Fuels
Pollution from coal,
natural gas, and oil

22. When did global
warming start?

23. Global Atmospheric Concentration of CO2

24. What’s being done now to
reduce our emissions?
Wind Power
Solar Power
Fuel-Efficiency

25. What can you do to help
solve the problem?

26. Simple Things To Do
Turn off your computer or the TV
when you’re not using it.
Take shorter showers. Heating water uses energy.
Keep rooms cool by closing the blinds, shades, or
curtains.
Turn off the lights when you leave a room.
Use compact fluorescent bulbs.

27. Simple Things To Do
Dress lightly when it’s hot instead of turning up
the air conditioning. Or use a fan.
Dress warmly when it’s cold instead of turning
up the heat.
Offer to help your parents keep the air filters on
your AC and furnace clean.
Walk short distances instead of asking for a
ride in the car.
Plant a tree.
Recycle.

28. The ozone hole (O3)
O
O
O

29. Earth’s Atmosphere

30. When was it discovered?
In 1985, the
Ozone Hole was
discovered with
the size of the
United States, over
Antarctica.

31. The ozone layer
•The
ozone layer, situated in
the stratosphere about 15 to 30
km above the Earth's surface.
•Ozone
protects living
organisms by absorbing harmful
ultraviolet radiation (UVB)
from the sun.
•The
ozone layer is being
destroyed by CFCs and other
substances.

32. Why is the ozone layer important to
life on Earth?
The stratospheric ozone
layer completely stops
the penetration of UV-C
rays and eliminates
most of the UV-B rays.
 Therefore, the ozone
layer protects life on
Earth from the harmful
effects of solar radiation
on a daily basis.


33. Specific damage by UV light
Sunburn
 Clouding of the cornea and formation of
cataract
 Skin cancer (melanoma)
 Reduced rates of photosynthesis


34. Ozone in the atmosphere
Ozone (O3) forms under
the effect of UV light in
the stratosphere.
 Ozone can also form in
the troposphere.
 It is produced by motor
vehicules so it is a
pollutant.


35. What are CFCs?
Used as propellants
in aerosol spray
cans.
 Used as refrigerants
in fridges, freezers
and air conditioning
units.


36. What can be done?
Reduce the use of CFCs.
 They are already banned in
aerosols (1987).
 BUT they are still used as
refrigerants.
 Recycle fridges and air
conditioning plants.
 Skin Protection,
sunglasses,…


37. What is an Earthquake?

38. • An earthquake is
the vibration of
Earth produced by
the rapid release of
energy.
• An earthquake
produces waves
that travel
throughout the
Earth called
seismic waves.

39. How are the Earthquakes
produced?

41. • Associated with
faulting or breaking
of rocks
• Continuing
adjustment of
position results in
aftershocks.

42. The Focus and Epicenter of an Earthquake

43. Where Do Earthquakes Occur?

44. 80% of all
earthquakes
occur in the
circumPacific belt.
Examples:
1. India

45. 2. Haiti

46. 3. Spain

47. What are the effects?
•
•
•
•
Building collapse
Fire
Tsunami
Dies

48. What is a tsunami?

49. • Tsunami is a sea wave.
• It is formed when mass
movement suddenly
displaces a large amount of
water.
• It is a disastrous wave.

50. When Tsunami will occur?
Tsunami can
be generated
when the sea
floor abruptly
deforms and
vertically
displaces the
overlying water.

51. Tsunami Causes
Earthquakes (e.g. Sumatra,
2004: >200,000 people killed).
Volcanic eruptions (e.g.
Krakatoa, 1883: tsunamis killed
30,000 people).
Extraterrestrial Impacts large impacts have the
potential to create enormous
tsunamis.

52. Where happens?
Pacific ~ 80%
Atlantic ~ 10%
Elsewhere ~ 10%

53. Example: Sumatra Tsunami 2004

54. Example: Thailand

55. What can we do?
Setting Earthquake
prediction and
warning system.
‧Improving modern
technology and
construction
regulations.
‧Land use zoning.
‧Education and
emergency plans.