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PRIMARY 4 /Natural Science
UNIT 6. ENERGY
FORMS AND SOURCES OF ENERGY
ENERGY produces changes in our bodies. There are many forms of energy :
5. Kinetic energy
Thisistheenergyinmoving
bodies,likerocksshooting
out of avolcano.
1. Thermal /Heat
energy
This is the energy
transferred byhotbodies,
likelava, to colder bodies.
2. Light energy
This is the energy of
bodiesthatemitlight,as
a fire.
3. Chemical energy
This is the energy stored in
some materials, like
batteries and fuel and in
living things and foods.
4. Electrical energy
This is the energy in a
lightning bolt and the
energy electrical devices
use.
6. Sound energy
This is a type of kinetic
energy. It is produced by
the vibration of bodies or
the air.
SOURCES OF ENERGY
WIND and PETROL supply energy and are known as ENERGY SOURCES. There are two types:
THESUN, WINDAND WATERsupply renewable
energy because they are constantly being
renewed.
We may run out with FOSSIL FUELS because we are
using them fasterthan we can produce them.
Renewable energy sources
Wind turbines
transform wind
energy into
electricity.
Hydroelectric
power stations
transform falling
water into
electricity
Solar panels transform
solar energy intoheat
or electricity
Moving
water
The Sun´s
rays
Wind
It is minedfromthe
ground.
We burn it to
produce heat and
electrical energy.
Gas
PetrolCoal
It is extracted by
drilling into the
ground.
We useitprimarilyfor
heating.
It is extracted by
digging wells in the
ground.
We use it to produce
fuel and plastics.
Non-Renewable energy sources
All bodies have a temperature.
When we say that something is
hot or cold, we want to say that
its temperature is high or low.
Thispropertyismeasured witha
THERMOMETER.
When we reach the same
temperature, wesay that they
are theTHERMAL EQUILIBRIUM.
HEAT
When a body receives energy
in the form of heat, three
phenomena can occur:
EXPANSION
When a body
gets hotter,its
volume
increases.
CONTRACTION
When a body
getscolder,its
volume
decreases.
When hot bodies get colder
or when cold bodies get
hotter.
For example:
When hot chocolate and
cold milk are mixed, the
temperature of each one
change.
Change of state
Change of volume
Change of
temperature
Temperature and heat
How heat affects bodies
-
-
-
Condensation: The
change from gas to
liquid.
Solidification: The
change from liquid to
solid.
Evaporation: The
change from liquid to
gas.
- Fusion: Thechange
fromsolidtoliquid.
LIGHT
MIRRORS ARAINBOW
They are opaquebodies The light pass
with a polished Surface through drops
that reflectlight. of water.
They can be: flat,
concave or convex
mirror.
Propagation of light Properties oflight
Light us a form of energy that
illuminates the world.
They can be classified into two
groups:
- Transparent: They
allow lightto pass
through, like
glass.
- Opaque: They prevent
light from passing
through, likeabook.
- Translucent: Theyallow
light to pass through,
but it is diverted, like
some plastics.
- It travels athigh
speed.
- It moves in a
straight line.
- It propagatesin
all directions.
Natural light
sources
They arefound
is nature. They
emittheir own
light.
For example:
The Sun,stars,
flashes or
fireflies.
Artificial light
sources
They are
man- made.
They
transform
energy into
light.
This is the
change of
directionthat
occurs when
light passes
from one
medium to
another.
This is the change of
direction thatoccurs
whenlighthitsan
object.
We can see objects
that don´t emit
their own light.
RefractionReflection
We can classify
bodies based on
how they respond to
light.
It moves fromone place
to another until itcomes
into contact with a
body.
Bodies and lightSources of light
SOUND
It isaformofenergy.Itisproducedbythevibration
of bodies. We perceive it through our sense of
hearing.
Volume TimbrePitch
Noise pollutionPropagation of sound
Qualities of sound
- Ittravelsmuch
more slowly than
light.
- It moves inastraight
line.
- It propagates in all
directions.
We can reduce noise pollution if
we limittheamountofvehicle
traffic, listen to music at an
appropriate volumeand avoid
shouting and unnecessary noise.
It propagates through a
NATURAL MEDIUM , as air
or the ground.
Noise pollution is the excessive
noisethatmayharmour health.
They can cause anxiety, bad
temper and insomnia.
This makes is
possible to
differentiate
between sounds
with the same
pitch and
volume, based
on the bodythat
emits them.
Thismakes it
possible to
differentiate
between:
- LOUD SOUND,
like an
engine.
- QUIET SOUND,
like the
tweeting of a
bird.
It can be:
- HIGH, likethe
sound of
violin.
- LOW, like the
sound of a
doublebass.
Noises are unpleasant sounds to
the ear because they are very
loud or veryhigh.
Static electricity
It is the type of
electricity which
causes certain
bodies to be
attracted orrepelled.
ELECTRICITY
Electrical charge
Electric current and electric circuits
Normally, bodies are
neutral but when we
rub them, we are
adding morepositive
charge or more
negative charge.
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR
They allowthe electricitytoflow
through them.
When two bodies
with differentcharge
are close,theyattract
each other.
When two bodies
have the same
charge, they repel
each other. RESISTOR
It converts electricity into
another type of energy.
SWITCH
It opens or closes the circuit.
POWERSOURCE
A power source, as
a battery,provides
the energy.
When an electric charge
moves, itformsanelectric
current.
Itisa property of matter that
causes forces of attraction or
repulsion between bodies.
In orderforthecurrentto flow, it
requiresan electric circuit made
up of different components:
THE EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY
In aradio,electricalenergy
is transformed into sound
energy.
In alamp, electrical energy
is transformed into light
energy.
In a mixer, electrical
energy is transformed into
kinetic energy.
In a toaster, electrical
energy is transformed into
heat energy.

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Unit 6.-energy-1-convertido

  • 1. PRIMARY 4 /Natural Science UNIT 6. ENERGY
  • 2. FORMS AND SOURCES OF ENERGY ENERGY produces changes in our bodies. There are many forms of energy : 5. Kinetic energy Thisistheenergyinmoving bodies,likerocksshooting out of avolcano. 1. Thermal /Heat energy This is the energy transferred byhotbodies, likelava, to colder bodies. 2. Light energy This is the energy of bodiesthatemitlight,as a fire. 3. Chemical energy This is the energy stored in some materials, like batteries and fuel and in living things and foods. 4. Electrical energy This is the energy in a lightning bolt and the energy electrical devices use. 6. Sound energy This is a type of kinetic energy. It is produced by the vibration of bodies or the air.
  • 3. SOURCES OF ENERGY WIND and PETROL supply energy and are known as ENERGY SOURCES. There are two types: THESUN, WINDAND WATERsupply renewable energy because they are constantly being renewed. We may run out with FOSSIL FUELS because we are using them fasterthan we can produce them. Renewable energy sources Wind turbines transform wind energy into electricity. Hydroelectric power stations transform falling water into electricity Solar panels transform solar energy intoheat or electricity Moving water The Sun´s rays Wind It is minedfromthe ground. We burn it to produce heat and electrical energy. Gas PetrolCoal It is extracted by drilling into the ground. We useitprimarilyfor heating. It is extracted by digging wells in the ground. We use it to produce fuel and plastics. Non-Renewable energy sources
  • 4. All bodies have a temperature. When we say that something is hot or cold, we want to say that its temperature is high or low. Thispropertyismeasured witha THERMOMETER. When we reach the same temperature, wesay that they are theTHERMAL EQUILIBRIUM. HEAT When a body receives energy in the form of heat, three phenomena can occur: EXPANSION When a body gets hotter,its volume increases. CONTRACTION When a body getscolder,its volume decreases. When hot bodies get colder or when cold bodies get hotter. For example: When hot chocolate and cold milk are mixed, the temperature of each one change. Change of state Change of volume Change of temperature Temperature and heat How heat affects bodies - - - Condensation: The change from gas to liquid. Solidification: The change from liquid to solid. Evaporation: The change from liquid to gas. - Fusion: Thechange fromsolidtoliquid.
  • 5. LIGHT MIRRORS ARAINBOW They are opaquebodies The light pass with a polished Surface through drops that reflectlight. of water. They can be: flat, concave or convex mirror. Propagation of light Properties oflight Light us a form of energy that illuminates the world. They can be classified into two groups: - Transparent: They allow lightto pass through, like glass. - Opaque: They prevent light from passing through, likeabook. - Translucent: Theyallow light to pass through, but it is diverted, like some plastics. - It travels athigh speed. - It moves in a straight line. - It propagatesin all directions. Natural light sources They arefound is nature. They emittheir own light. For example: The Sun,stars, flashes or fireflies. Artificial light sources They are man- made. They transform energy into light. This is the change of directionthat occurs when light passes from one medium to another. This is the change of direction thatoccurs whenlighthitsan object. We can see objects that don´t emit their own light. RefractionReflection We can classify bodies based on how they respond to light. It moves fromone place to another until itcomes into contact with a body. Bodies and lightSources of light
  • 6. SOUND It isaformofenergy.Itisproducedbythevibration of bodies. We perceive it through our sense of hearing. Volume TimbrePitch Noise pollutionPropagation of sound Qualities of sound - Ittravelsmuch more slowly than light. - It moves inastraight line. - It propagates in all directions. We can reduce noise pollution if we limittheamountofvehicle traffic, listen to music at an appropriate volumeand avoid shouting and unnecessary noise. It propagates through a NATURAL MEDIUM , as air or the ground. Noise pollution is the excessive noisethatmayharmour health. They can cause anxiety, bad temper and insomnia. This makes is possible to differentiate between sounds with the same pitch and volume, based on the bodythat emits them. Thismakes it possible to differentiate between: - LOUD SOUND, like an engine. - QUIET SOUND, like the tweeting of a bird. It can be: - HIGH, likethe sound of violin. - LOW, like the sound of a doublebass. Noises are unpleasant sounds to the ear because they are very loud or veryhigh.
  • 7. Static electricity It is the type of electricity which causes certain bodies to be attracted orrepelled. ELECTRICITY Electrical charge Electric current and electric circuits Normally, bodies are neutral but when we rub them, we are adding morepositive charge or more negative charge. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR They allowthe electricitytoflow through them. When two bodies with differentcharge are close,theyattract each other. When two bodies have the same charge, they repel each other. RESISTOR It converts electricity into another type of energy. SWITCH It opens or closes the circuit. POWERSOURCE A power source, as a battery,provides the energy. When an electric charge moves, itformsanelectric current. Itisa property of matter that causes forces of attraction or repulsion between bodies. In orderforthecurrentto flow, it requiresan electric circuit made up of different components:
  • 8. THE EFFECTS OF ELECTRICITY In aradio,electricalenergy is transformed into sound energy. In alamp, electrical energy is transformed into light energy. In a mixer, electrical energy is transformed into kinetic energy. In a toaster, electrical energy is transformed into heat energy.