1. The Passive
We use the Passive when we do not know who
did an action or when it is not important to say
who did it.

2. 1. Forming the Passive

3. 1. Forming the Passive
In the passive, the object of an active verb
becomes the subject of the passive verb:

4. 1. Forming the Passive
In the passive, the object of an active verb
becomes the subject of the passive verb:
Active: We isolate infected patients.

5. 1. Forming the Passive
In the passive, the object of an active verb
becomes the subject of the passive verb:
subject
Active: We isolate infected patients.

6. 1. Forming the Passive
In the passive, the object of an active verb
becomes the subject of the passive verb:
subject verb
Active: We isolate infected patients.

7. 1. Forming the Passive
In the passive, the object of an active verb
becomes the subject of the passive verb:
subject verb object
Active: We isolate infected patients.

8. 1. Forming the Passive
In the passive, the object of an active verb
becomes the subject of the passive verb:
subject verb object
Active: We isolate infected patients.
Passive: Infected patients are isolated (by us).

9. 1. Forming the Passive
In the passive, the object of an active verb
becomes the subject of the passive verb:
subject verb object
Active: We isolate infected patients.
Subject
Passive: Infected patients are isolated (by us).

10. 1. Forming the Passive
In the passive, the object of an active verb
becomes the subject of the passive verb:
subject verb object
Active: We isolate infected patients.
Subject verb
Passive: Infected patients are isolated (by us).

11. 1. Forming the Passive
In the passive, the object of an active verb
becomes the subject of the passive verb:
subject verb object
Active: We isolate infected patients.
Subject verb agent
Passive: Infected patients are isolated (by us).

12. 1. Forming the Passive
In the passive, the object of an active verb
becomes the subject of the passive verb:
subject verb object
Active: We isolate infected patients.
Subject verb agent
Passive: Infected patients are isolated (by us).
Only transitive verbs are used in the passive. It is not
possible to use intransitive verbs (such as happen,
sleep, come, seem) in the passive.

13. Form of the passive:
be + past participle
Active Passive
simple
The scientist clones the sheep. The sheep is cloned by the scientist
present
present The scientist is cloning the The sheep is being cloned by the
progressive sheep. scientist.
present The scientist has cloned the The sheep has been cloned by the
perfect sheep. scientist.
simple past The scientist cloned the sheep. The sheep was cloned by the
scientist.
past The scientist was cloning the The sheep was being cloned by the
progressive sheep. scientist.
past The scientist had cloned the The sheep had been cloned by the
perfect sheep. scientist.
simple The scientist will clone the The sheep will be cloned by the
future sheep. scientist.
The scientist is going to clone
be going to The sheep is going to be cloned by
the sheep.
fut. perf. The scientist will have cloned... The sheep will have been cloned...

14. Rewrite the following active
sentences in the passive.

15. Rewrite the following active
sentences in the passive.
1) Lymphocytes make antibodies.

16. Rewrite the following active
sentences in the passive.
1) Lymphocytes make antibodies.
Antibodies are made by lymphocytes.

17. Rewrite the following active
sentences in the passive.

18. Rewrite the following active
sentences in the passive.
2) We have cancelled all operations because
of an MRSA outbreak.

19. Rewrite the following active
sentences in the passive.
2) We have cancelled all operations because
of an MRSA outbreak.
All operations have been cancelled because
of an MRSA outbreak.

20. Rewrite the following active
sentences in the passive.
2) We have cancelled all operations because
of an MRSA outbreak.
All operations have been cancelled because
of an MRSA outbreak.
The agent is not needed in this
sentence.

21. Rewrite the following active
sentences in the passive.

22. Rewrite the following active
sentences in the passive.
3) Vaccinations may cause an adverse
reaction.

23. Rewrite the following active
sentences in the passive.
3) Vaccinations may cause an adverse
reaction.
An adverse reaction may be caused by
vaccionations.

24. Rewrite the following active
sentences in the passive.

25. Rewrite the following active
sentences in the passive.
4) You must not handle soiled dressings
without gloves on.

26. Rewrite the following active
sentences in the passive.
4) You must not handle soiled dressings
without gloves on.
Soiled dressings must not be handled without
gloves on.

27. The end

28. The Simple Present
Click here to return to
WHEN TO USE IT: previous slide.
For habitual actions and permanent situations
Habits and
routines
Customs and
traditions
Facts and
truths

29. The Simple Present
Click here to return to
WHEN TO USE IT: previous slide.
For habitual actions and permanent situations
Habits and She goes to New York every month.
routines
Customs and
traditions
Facts and
truths

30. The Simple Present
Click here to return to
WHEN TO USE IT: previous slide.
For habitual actions and permanent situations
Habits and She goes to New York every month.
routines We usually buy our tickets online.
Customs and
traditions
Facts and
truths

31. The Simple Present
Click here to return to
WHEN TO USE IT: previous slide.
For habitual actions and permanent situations
Habits and She goes to New York every month.
routines We usually buy our tickets online.
Customs and I always eat fish and chips my first day in England.
traditions
Facts and
truths

32. The Simple Present
Click here to return to
WHEN TO USE IT: previous slide.
For habitual actions and permanent situations
Habits and She goes to New York every month.
routines We usually buy our tickets online.
Customs and I always eat fish and chips my first day in England.
traditions At Thanksgiving, people often travel to see their families.
Facts and
truths

33. The Simple Present
Click here to return to
WHEN TO USE IT: previous slide.
For habitual actions and permanent situations
Habits and She goes to New York every month.
routines We usually buy our tickets online.
Customs and I always eat fish and chips my first day in England.
traditions At Thanksgiving, people often travel to see their families.
Facts and Adventure travel offers exciting vacations.
truths

34. The Simple Present
Click here to return to
WHEN TO USE IT: previous slide.
For habitual actions and permanent situations
Habits and She goes to New York every month.
routines We usually buy our tickets online.
Customs and I always eat fish and chips my first day in England.
traditions At Thanksgiving, people often travel to see their families.
Facts and Adventure travel offers exciting vacations.
truths Ice hotels melt in the spring.

35. The Present
Continuous
Click here to return to
WHEN TO USE IT: previous slide.
For actions in progress and temporary situations
At the moment of speaking
Around the present time
extending into the future.

36. The Present
Continuous
Click here to return to
WHEN TO USE IT: previous slide.
For actions in progress and temporary situations
At the moment of speaking She is boxing on her video game right now.
Around the present time
extending into the future.

37. The Present
Continuous
Click here to return to
WHEN TO USE IT: previous slide.
For actions in progress and temporary situations
At the moment of speaking She is boxing on her video game right now.
Around the present time
This week, I’m training for the marathon.
extending into the future.

38. Click here to return to
previous slide.
1.The present perfect expresses the idea that
something happened before now, at an unspecified
time in the past.
2. The present perfect also expresses the
repetition of an activity before now.The exact
time of repetition is not important.
3.The present perfect also expresses a situation
that began in the past and continues to the
present.