This document provides an overview of different types of cameras and camera components. It discusses early camera types like the camera obscura and daguerreotype. It then covers the development of film cameras from Kodak and the introduction of 35mm film. Instant cameras and the first SLR cameras are also summarized. The document outlines point-and-shoot, bridge, DSLR and mirrorless digital camera types as well as the evolution of smartphone cameras. Key components like pixels, megapixels, and the factors that influence exposure - aperture, shutter speed and ISO - are defined in less than 3 sentences each. The learning goals are to understand camera types and exposure fundamentals.

1. Today, I will learn…
Types of cameras
Components of cameras
Pixels & Megapixels
Introduction to Exposure
Learning Goals

2. Types of Cameras
How many types of cameras can you think of?

3. Types of Cameras
Camera Obscura
Daguerreotype
Kodak & film
Instant Camera
SLR
Point & Shoot
Bridge/Prosumer*
DSLR
Smartphone
Mirrorless

4. Camera Obscura
A box with a small pinhole and photosensitive
paper; when pinhole is open, paper is exposed to
light
Versions of camera obscura used as early as the 16th
century; telescopes would project images onto
walls in darkrooms
1816: Joseph Niépce first to combine camera obscura
with photosensitive paper and glass
1826/27: ‘View from the Window at Le Gras’

5. Daguerreotype
1838: Invented by Louis Dageurre
Chemically-treated steel/copper plate that
would react when exposed to light
Would take approximately 10 minutes to
develop/process an image

6. Kodak & Film
1884: George Eastman, developed dry gel on
paper, or film, to replace the photographic
plate; the first film roll
Portable, low in cost, and for the masses!
1901: Introduction of the Brownie portable
camera

7. 35mm Film
1934: Kodak introduced 35mm (a.k.a. 135mm)
film catridges
This became the standard for photography
and motion pictures
Also known as full-frame

8. Instant Camera
1923: A camera that developed in
a “portable” darkroom was
invented; too large and clunky
1948: The first commercial instant
camera is developed;
Polaroid Land

9. SLR
SLR = Single lens reflex
Uses penta-prism mirror to allow
photographer to see exactly what the lens sees
We’ll see how this works this later…
1959: Nikon F is world’s first SLR camera

10. Point & Shoot (Digital Camera)
1975: First digital camera, invented by Steve
Sasson; worked at Kodak
Small, compact, lightweight, user-friendly
(not that one , obviously!)
Non-interchangeable lens
Limited functionality
Small sensors (lower quality image)

11. Point & Shoot (Digital Camera)

12. Bridge/Prosumer*
More functionality than typical P&S
Typically, non-interchangeable lens
Small sensors (lower quality image)
A combo of P&S user-friendliness with more
advanced manual features of a DSLR

13. DSLR
1991: First commercial DSLR; Kodak DCS
100
DSLR = Digital single lens reflex
Works identically to the manual SLR
Replaces film with a digital sensor
Advanced functionality
Full frame & Crop-frame (full-sized sensor
vs. smaller, more compact sensor)
Crop Frame
Full Frame

14. How does the D/SLR work?

15. How does the D/SLR work? Watch
Viewing Shooting

16. Mirrorless
MILC: Mirrorless Interchangeable-lens Camera
2004: Leica M, first MILC
Advantages;
More accurate representation of final image
Gets rid of the penta-prism mirror =
Lighter, smaller
Less parts, less expensive

17. Smartphone
2000: First camera phone; J-Phone
Initially, very limited;
Low quality
Low focus range
Extremely small sensor
Now, camera phones rival point &
shoots!

18. It’s not about the gear!

24. What is a
Pixel?
Digital bit of colour information
The smallest editable component of an
image

25. What is a
Pixel?

26. What is a
Megapixel?
A megapixel is a measurement of pixels by
the millions
1 megapixel = 1 million pixels
A 10 Megapixel camera can potentially have
10 million pixels within a single image

27. What is a
Megapixel?
You can calculate a megapixel by
multiplying the image’s width and height in
pixels;
For example;
4752 px wide X 3168 px high =
15,054,336 pixels or
15 megapixels

28. Exposure

29. What is
Exposure?
In photography, exposure is the amount of
light in your image.
Exposure can be determined by three key
factors:
Aperture
Shutter Speed
ISO

30. Role-Reversal
In small groups, you will get one key term related to
exposure
Your job is to teach and test the class about these terms
in a creative way:
Teach: PowerPoint or Prezi
Test: Kahoot! Game or Socrative Quiz
And, design a reference sheet regarding your term

31. Role-Reversal
Within your lesson, be visual!
For example;
Present to the class what the difference between an
image with a low ISO vs. high ISO

32. Role-Reversal
Test your classmates’ knowledge of your key exposure
term by including 2-3 questions that are related to that
key term using a game or quiz.
For example:What are common resolutions in digital
displays?
You will present your ‘lesson’ and test your class