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ME 323 : I.C Engines

    Combustion in I.C Engines



March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                               MarchSlide 1
                                                                                                         16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036          Slide 1
INTRODUCTION




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                               MarchSlide 2
                                                                                                         16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036          Slide 2
 Combustion
 Conditions for combustion
 Ignition Limits
 Combustion Equations
 Stoichiometric Combustion
 Air requirement
 Composition of air
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                               MarchSlide 3
                                                                                                         16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036          Slide 3
 Air-fuel ratio

 Fuel-air ratio

 Relative air-fuel ratio

 Equivalence ratio

 Pre-mixed and Diffusion combustion

 Swirl/Squish/Turbulence

March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                               MarchSlide 4
                                                                                                         16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036          Slide 4
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                               MarchSlide 5
                                                                                                         16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036          Slide 5
For all calculation : O2 = 21% ; N2 = 79% and ratio of N2/O2 is 3.76
                 Average molecular mass of air is 28.967 or 29 kg/kmol.
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                               MarchSlide 6
                                                                                                         16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036          Slide 6
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                               MarchSlide 7
                                                                                                         16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036          Slide 7
 Swirl :
              The orderly motion of the air particularly almost parallel to
               the axis of the engine.
              Very much required for diesel engines.
 Squish/Squash :
              The radial inward motion of the air-fuel mixture towards
               (squish) and away from the axis of the engine (squash).
              Very much required for the gasoline engines.
 Turbulence :
              Random mixing of the burned and unburned gases
              very much required for both Otto and Diesel engines.

March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                                I.C. Engines Laboratory                               MarchSlide 8
                                                                                                           16, 2013
    Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036          Slide 8
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                               MarchSlide 9
                                                                                                         16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036          Slide 9
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 10
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 10
Normal Combustion
                     in SI Engines



March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 11
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 11
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 12
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 12
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 13
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 13
Combustion in SI engine




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 14
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 14
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 15
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 15
COMBUSTION QUALITY
                 Flames detected                                        Type of cycle
                     between
          - 450 and TDC                                    early burn cycle

          TDC and 45°                                      Fast burning cycles

          450 and 900                                      slow burn cycles

          90° and BDC                                      Late burn cycles

          BDC and TDC                                      delayed burn cycles

          Flames not detected                              misfires and partial burn
                                                           cycles
  Good combustion is almost entirely made up of fast burn cycles.
  poor combustion consists of a high proportion of late and
  delayed burn cycles.
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 16
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 16
EFFECT OF ENGINE VARIABLES
                        ON IGNITION LAG
1. Fuel

2. Mixture ratio:




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 17
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 17
3. Initial temperature and pressure
4. Electrode gap :




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 18
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 18
5. Turbulence:




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 19
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 19
EFFECT OF ENGINE VARIABLES ON FLAME
                PROPAGATION
 1. Fuel-air ratio :




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 20
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 20
Rate of Burning




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 21
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 21
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 22
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 22
2. Compression Ratio




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 23
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 23
3. Intake temperature and pressure
 4. Engine load
 5. Turbulence
 6. Engine Speed
 7. Engine size




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 24
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 24
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 25
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 25
Combustion Chambers
                          for
                 Four Stroke SI Engines



March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 26
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 26
Early Ricardo turbulent combustion chamber (1968)




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 27
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 27
Old type Combustion Chambers for SI engines




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 28
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 28
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 29
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 29
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 30
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 30
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 31
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 31
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 32
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 32
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 33
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 33
Combustion Chambers
                           for
                  Two Stroke SI Engines




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 34
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 34
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 35
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 35
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 36
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 36
Abnormal Combustion
                    in SI Engines




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 37
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 37
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 38
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 38
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 39
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 39
p-t diagram of a normal cycle




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 40
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 40
p-t diagram of a knocking cycle




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 41
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 41
Knock Limited Parameters

  Knock Limited Compression Ratio

  Knock Limited Inlet Pressure

  Knock Limited Indicated Mean Effective Pressure

  Performance number is defined as the ratio of Klimep with the fuel in
   question to Klimep with isooctane when the inlet pressure is kept
   constant.
  Relative performance number, rpn :



                           Actual Performance number
   rpn =
                Performance number corresponding to the imep of 100



March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 42
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 42
EFFECT OF ENGINE VARIABLES ON KNOCK

 Density factors
 Time factors
 Composition factors




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 43
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 43
Density Factors:

 Compression Ratio

 Mass of Inducted Charge

 Inlet Temperature of the Mixture

 Temperature of the Combustion Chamber Walls

 Retarding the Spark Timing

 Power Output of the Engine




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 44
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 44
Time Factors:

      Turbulence
      Engine Speed
      Flame Travel Distance
      Engine Size
      Combustion Chamber Shape
      Location of Spark Plug




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                                I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 45
                                                                                                      March 16, 2013
    Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 45
Composition Factors:
      Fuel-Air Ratio:




     Octane Value of the Fuel:

March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                                I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 46
                                                                                                      March 16, 2013
    Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 46
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 47
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 47
KNOCK RATING OF SI FUELS




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 48
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 48
Normal Combustion
                        in CI Engines




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 49
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 49
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 50
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 50
Schematic representation of a fuel jet




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 51
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 51
Disintegration of a fuel jet




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 52
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 52
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 53
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 53
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 54
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 54
Effect of fuel-air ratio on power output of CI engine




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 55
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 55
Stages of combustion in CI engines




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 56
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 56
P-t diagram showing delay period




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 57
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 57
Steps of combustion process in CI engine




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 58
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 58
Combustion Rate (CI)




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 59
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 59
Effect of varying the amount of fuel
                            injected on P-θ diagram




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 60
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 60
FACTORS AFFECTING THE DELAY PERIOD


                         Compression ratio
            Engine speed
            Power output
            Atomization of fuel and duration of
             injection
            Injection timing
            Quality of the fuel
            Intake temperature
            Intake pressure




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 61
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 61
Effect of compression ratio on maximum air
   temperature and minimum autoignition temperature
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 62
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 62
Effect of speed on ignition delay in a diesel engine


March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 63
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 63
Effect of injection timing on indicator diagram
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 64
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 64
Effect of engine variables on ignition delay




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 65
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 65
Abnormal Combustion
                    in CI Engines




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 66
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 66
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 67
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 67
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 68
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 68
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 69
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 69
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 70
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 70
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 71
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 71
Combustion Chambers for
          Four Stroke CI Engines




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 72
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 72
CI Engine Combustion chambers

• Open chamber or DI engine

• Divided chamber or IDI engine




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 73
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 73
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 74
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 74
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 75
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 75
Phases of Combustion in
                                                                        Toroidal open combustion
                                                                                 chamber




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 76
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 76
M-Combustion chamber




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 77
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 77
IDI Combustion chambers

Swirl generation:
 Induction induced swirl

 Compression induced swirl

 Combustion induced swirl



March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 78
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 78
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 79
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 79
Combustion in Ricardo swirl Chamber - Comet




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 80
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 80
Swirl chambers




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 81
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 81
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 82
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 82
Pre-combustion chambers




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 83
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 83
Mercedes Benz
                                                                                  Pre-combustion System




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 84
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 84
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 85
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 85
Advantages of DI engines
 Fuels of poorer ignition quality can be
  used.
 Single-hole injection nozzles and
  moderate injection pressures can be
  used and can tolerate greater degrees
  of nozzle fouling.
 Higher fuel-air ratios can be used
  without smoke.



March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 86
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 86
Disadvantages of IDI Engines

 More expensive cylinder construction.

 More difficult cold starting because of
  greater heat loss through the throat.

 Poorer fuel economy due to greater
  heat losses and pressure losses
  through the throat, which result in
  lower thermal efficiency and higher
  pumping loss.
March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 87
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 87
Knock Rating of CI Engine Fuel

• Cetane number
• Variable compression ratio engine
• CFR Engine




March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 88
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 88
THE END

March 16, Mallikarjuna
  Dr. J. M. 2013                              I.C. Engines Laboratory                                   Slide 89
                                                                                                    March 16, 2013
  Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036         Slide 89

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83354809 04-combustion-si-ci

  • 1. ME 323 : I.C Engines Combustion in I.C Engines March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory MarchSlide 1 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 1
  • 2. INTRODUCTION March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory MarchSlide 2 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 2
  • 3.  Combustion  Conditions for combustion  Ignition Limits  Combustion Equations  Stoichiometric Combustion  Air requirement  Composition of air March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory MarchSlide 3 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 3
  • 4.  Air-fuel ratio  Fuel-air ratio  Relative air-fuel ratio  Equivalence ratio  Pre-mixed and Diffusion combustion  Swirl/Squish/Turbulence March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory MarchSlide 4 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 4
  • 5. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory MarchSlide 5 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 5
  • 6. For all calculation : O2 = 21% ; N2 = 79% and ratio of N2/O2 is 3.76 Average molecular mass of air is 28.967 or 29 kg/kmol. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory MarchSlide 6 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 6
  • 7. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory MarchSlide 7 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 7
  • 8.  Swirl :  The orderly motion of the air particularly almost parallel to the axis of the engine.  Very much required for diesel engines.  Squish/Squash :  The radial inward motion of the air-fuel mixture towards (squish) and away from the axis of the engine (squash).  Very much required for the gasoline engines.  Turbulence :  Random mixing of the burned and unburned gases  very much required for both Otto and Diesel engines. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory MarchSlide 8 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 8
  • 9. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory MarchSlide 9 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 9
  • 10. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 10 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 10
  • 11. Normal Combustion in SI Engines March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 11 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 11
  • 12. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 12 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 12
  • 13. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 13 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 13
  • 14. Combustion in SI engine March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 14 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 14
  • 15. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 15 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 15
  • 16. COMBUSTION QUALITY Flames detected Type of cycle between - 450 and TDC early burn cycle TDC and 45° Fast burning cycles 450 and 900 slow burn cycles 90° and BDC Late burn cycles BDC and TDC delayed burn cycles Flames not detected misfires and partial burn cycles Good combustion is almost entirely made up of fast burn cycles. poor combustion consists of a high proportion of late and delayed burn cycles. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 16 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 16
  • 17. EFFECT OF ENGINE VARIABLES ON IGNITION LAG 1. Fuel 2. Mixture ratio: March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 17 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 17
  • 18. 3. Initial temperature and pressure 4. Electrode gap : March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 18 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 18
  • 19. 5. Turbulence: March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 19 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 19
  • 20. EFFECT OF ENGINE VARIABLES ON FLAME PROPAGATION 1. Fuel-air ratio : March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 20 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 20
  • 21. Rate of Burning March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 21 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 21
  • 22. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 22 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 22
  • 23. 2. Compression Ratio March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 23 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 23
  • 24. 3. Intake temperature and pressure 4. Engine load 5. Turbulence 6. Engine Speed 7. Engine size March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 24 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 24
  • 25. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 25 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 25
  • 26. Combustion Chambers for Four Stroke SI Engines March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 26 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 26
  • 27. Early Ricardo turbulent combustion chamber (1968) March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 27 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 27
  • 28. Old type Combustion Chambers for SI engines March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 28 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 28
  • 29. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 29 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 29
  • 30. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 30 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 30
  • 31. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 31 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 31
  • 32. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 32 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 32
  • 33. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 33 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 33
  • 34. Combustion Chambers for Two Stroke SI Engines March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 34 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 34
  • 35. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 35 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 35
  • 36. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 36 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 36
  • 37. Abnormal Combustion in SI Engines March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 37 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 37
  • 38. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 38 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 38
  • 39. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 39 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 39
  • 40. p-t diagram of a normal cycle March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 40 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 40
  • 41. p-t diagram of a knocking cycle March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 41 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 41
  • 42. Knock Limited Parameters  Knock Limited Compression Ratio  Knock Limited Inlet Pressure  Knock Limited Indicated Mean Effective Pressure  Performance number is defined as the ratio of Klimep with the fuel in question to Klimep with isooctane when the inlet pressure is kept constant.  Relative performance number, rpn : Actual Performance number rpn = Performance number corresponding to the imep of 100 March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 42 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 42
  • 43. EFFECT OF ENGINE VARIABLES ON KNOCK  Density factors  Time factors  Composition factors March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 43 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 43
  • 44. Density Factors:  Compression Ratio  Mass of Inducted Charge  Inlet Temperature of the Mixture  Temperature of the Combustion Chamber Walls  Retarding the Spark Timing  Power Output of the Engine March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 44 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 44
  • 45. Time Factors:  Turbulence  Engine Speed  Flame Travel Distance  Engine Size  Combustion Chamber Shape  Location of Spark Plug March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 45 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 45
  • 46. Composition Factors:  Fuel-Air Ratio:  Octane Value of the Fuel: March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 46 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 46
  • 47. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 47 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 47
  • 48. KNOCK RATING OF SI FUELS March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 48 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 48
  • 49. Normal Combustion in CI Engines March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 49 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 49
  • 50. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 50 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 50
  • 51. Schematic representation of a fuel jet March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 51 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 51
  • 52. Disintegration of a fuel jet March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 52 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 52
  • 53. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 53 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 53
  • 54. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 54 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 54
  • 55. Effect of fuel-air ratio on power output of CI engine March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 55 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 55
  • 56. Stages of combustion in CI engines March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 56 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 56
  • 57. P-t diagram showing delay period March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 57 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 57
  • 58. Steps of combustion process in CI engine March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 58 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 58
  • 59. Combustion Rate (CI) March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 59 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 59
  • 60. Effect of varying the amount of fuel injected on P-θ diagram March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 60 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 60
  • 61. FACTORS AFFECTING THE DELAY PERIOD Compression ratio  Engine speed  Power output  Atomization of fuel and duration of injection  Injection timing  Quality of the fuel  Intake temperature  Intake pressure March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 61 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 61
  • 62. Effect of compression ratio on maximum air temperature and minimum autoignition temperature March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 62 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 62
  • 63. Effect of speed on ignition delay in a diesel engine March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 63 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 63
  • 64. Effect of injection timing on indicator diagram March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 64 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 64
  • 65. Effect of engine variables on ignition delay March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 65 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 65
  • 66. Abnormal Combustion in CI Engines March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 66 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 66
  • 67. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 67 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 67
  • 68. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 68 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 68
  • 69. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 69 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 69
  • 70. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 70 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 70
  • 71. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 71 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 71
  • 72. Combustion Chambers for Four Stroke CI Engines March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 72 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 72
  • 73. CI Engine Combustion chambers • Open chamber or DI engine • Divided chamber or IDI engine March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 73 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 73
  • 74. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 74 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 74
  • 75. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 75 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 75
  • 76. Phases of Combustion in Toroidal open combustion chamber March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 76 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 76
  • 77. M-Combustion chamber March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 77 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 77
  • 78. IDI Combustion chambers Swirl generation:  Induction induced swirl  Compression induced swirl  Combustion induced swirl March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 78 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 78
  • 79. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 79 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 79
  • 80. Combustion in Ricardo swirl Chamber - Comet March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 80 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 80
  • 81. Swirl chambers March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 81 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 81
  • 82. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 82 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 82
  • 83. Pre-combustion chambers March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 83 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 83
  • 84. Mercedes Benz Pre-combustion System March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 84 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 84
  • 85. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 85 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 85
  • 86. Advantages of DI engines  Fuels of poorer ignition quality can be used.  Single-hole injection nozzles and moderate injection pressures can be used and can tolerate greater degrees of nozzle fouling.  Higher fuel-air ratios can be used without smoke. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 86 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 86
  • 87. Disadvantages of IDI Engines  More expensive cylinder construction.  More difficult cold starting because of greater heat loss through the throat.  Poorer fuel economy due to greater heat losses and pressure losses through the throat, which result in lower thermal efficiency and higher pumping loss. March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 87 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 87
  • 88. Knock Rating of CI Engine Fuel • Cetane number • Variable compression ratio engine • CFR Engine March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 88 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 88
  • 89. THE END March 16, Mallikarjuna Dr. J. M. 2013 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 89 March 16, 2013 Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036 Slide 89