Kaedah Terapi

KAEDAH TERAPI Kaedah terapi ialah rawatan masalah personaliti, mental dan kecelaruan tingkahlaku yg dilakukan oleh ahli psikologi/psikoterapi. Terapi Individu: Terapi yg dijlnkan scr individu- terapi celik akal, terapi tkhlaku dan terapi kognitif. Terapi Celik Akal :- Merawat klien berdsrkan gerak hati dan dijlnkan scr ind. Matlamat ialah menyedarkan & memahamkan klien/ pesakit mengenai perasaan, motivasi & tgkhlaku spy mrk dpt menyesuaikan dr dgn persekitaran . Jenis-Jenis : Terapi Psikodinamik/psikoanalisis : Freud * Menggunakan P’dktn psikodinamik ke atas t/laku bilazim

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RUMUSAN :- Pengalaman ditekan ke dlm bhgn tdk sedar- represi konflik timbul sbg masalah yg menganggu khdpn dr perkaitan bebas interpretasi rintangan, & mimpi utk m’nmpakkan konflik mengenali& memahami konflik pelepasan emosi KONFLIK DIATASI - BAHAGI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Masalah Jiwa :- Pergerakan positif dihalang oleh pglmn/peristiwa yg tdk dpt dielakkan oleh individu. Oleh itu, individu bertindak scr tdk selaras dgn konsep kemdiri utk m’capai mtlmt. * Alami anxiety, ttp puncanya tdk dpt dkenalpasti oleh ind yg bermasalah. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

b) Perasaan ahli terapi terhadap klien mesti ‘genuine’ – ikhlas c) Empati- ‘the ability to put themselves in the clients’ place’- memahami dgn tepat persepsi dan perasaan klien serta jujur dlm penerimaan sikap klien. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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3. Pengelakkan dr – manusia mengelak dr drpd berterus terang. Kaedah terapi ialah mebolehkan klien meluahkan apa yg dipendamkannya. * kaedah adlh teknik drama & fantasi. Mtlmt utk mengatasi sekatan dlm diri yg tdk dpt diselesaikan dlm konteks realiti. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

6. Kekuatan dan penghalang kepada kekuatan * pemerhatian dibuat ke atas di mana kekuatan klien, bgmana digunakan &bgmn utk menghalangnya. Teknik ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Jenis2 program modifikasi t/laku a) Ekonomi token (Token economies) Amir Awang (1987) ekonomi token ialah satu teknik yg biasanya digunakan utk m’hapuskan t/laku yg tdk diingini. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

c) Stimulus satiation :too much of a good thing. * berikan pd ind yg bermasalah.rangsangan2 yg disukainya sehingga ind. Rs jemu, & rsgn dilihat m’genggunya @m’gelak. *Berjaya m”gubah t/laku tertentu di klgn pesakit skitzofrenia yg suka m’gutip brg2 t’tentu. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hierarki fobia terhadap air * bermula dgn mengambarkan/ lihat gmbr dr yg plg rendah fobia-gmbr air 1) Bila subjek takut, dia diarah bertenang. 2) lihat air dr jauh- reaksi? 3)Lihat air dr dekat- reaksi? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

c) Terapi Aversif * tabiat tdk digemari org lain & diri sendiri –gigit kuku, hisap rokok etc. *aversif – aversif stimulus is paired with an underirable behaviour until the behavior becomes assaciated with pain and discomfort ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],A B D E C Cabaran hujan Peristiwa Emosi normal Sistem kepercayaan Emosi terhasil

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Kaedah Terapi

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