1. Big Data
With
Hadoop Setup
Mandakini Kumari

2. Agenda
1. Big Data ?
2. Limitation of Existing System
3. Advantage Of Hadoop
4. Disadvantage of Hadoop
5. Hadoop Echo System & Components
6. Prerequisite for Hadoop 1.x
7. Install Hadoop 1.X

3. 1.1 Characteristics of Big Data

4. 1.2 In Every 60 seconds on the internet

5. 2.1 Limitation of Existing Data
Analytics Architecture

6. 3.1 Advantage of Hadoop
•Hadoop: storage + Computational capabilities both together. While
RDBMS computation done in CPU which required BUS for data transfer from HardDisk to CPU
•Fault-tolerant hardware is expensive V/S Hadoop is design to
run on cheap commodity hardware
•Complicated Data Replication & Failure System v/s
Hadoop autometically handles datareplication and node failure.
•HDFS (storage) is optimized for high throughput.
•Large block sizes of HDFS helps in large files(GB, PB...)
• HDFS have high Scalability and Availability for achieve
data replication and fault tolerance.
•Extremely scalable
•MR Framework allows parallel work over a huge data.
•Job schedule for remote execution on the slave/datanodes
allow parallel & fast job executions.
•MR deal with business and HDFS with storage independently

7. 3.2 Advantage of Hadoop

8. 3.3 Advantage of Hadoop

9. 4.1 Disadvantage of Hadoop
•HDFS is inefficient for handling small files
•Hadoop 1.X single points of failure at NN
•Create problem if cluster is more then 4000 because all
meta data will store on only one NN RAM.
•Hadoop 2.x don't have single points of failure.
•Security is major concern because Hadoop 1.X does
offer a security model But by default it is disabled
because of its high complexity.
•Hadoop 1.X does not offer storage or network level
encryption which is very big concern for government
sector application data.

10. 5.1 HADOOP ECO SYSTEM

11. 5.2 ADVANTAGE OF HDFS

12. 5.3 NAMENODE: HADOOP COMPONENT
•It is Master with high end H/W.
•Store all Metadata in Main Memory i.e. RAM.
•Type of MetaData: List of files, Blocks for each file,
DN for each block
•File attributes: Access time, replication factor
•JobTracker report to NN after JOB completed.
•Receive heartbeat from each DN
•Transaction Log: Records file create / delete etc.

13. 5.4 DATANODE: HADOOP COMPONENT
•A Slave/commodity H/W
•File Write operation in DN preferred as sequential
process. If parallel then issue in data replication.
•File write in DN is parallel process
•Provides actual storage.
•Responsible for read/write data for clients
•Heartbeat: NN receive heartbeat from DN in
every 5 or 10 sec. If heartbeat not received then
data will replicated to another datanode.

14. 5.5 SECONDARY NAMENODE: HADOOP
COMPONENT
•Not a hot standby for the NameNode(NN)
•If NN fail only Read operation can performed no
block replicated or deleted.
•If NN failed system will go in safe mode
•Secondary NameNode connect to NN in every
hour and get backup of NN metadata
•Saved metadata can build a failed NameNode

15. 5.6 MAPREDUCE(BUSINESS LOGIC) ENGINE
•TaskTracker(TT) is slave
•TT act like resource who work on task
•Jobtracker(Master) act like manager who split JOB into TASK

16. 5.7 HDFS: HADOOP
COMPONENT

17. 5.8 FAULT TOLERANCE:
REPLICATION AND RACK AWARENESS

18. 6. Hadoop Installation: Prerequisites
1. Ubuntu Linux 12.04.3 LTS
2. Installing Java v1.5+
3. Adding dedicated Hadoop system user.
4. Configuring SSH access.
5. Disabling IPv6.
For Putty user: sudo apt-get install openssh-server
Run command sudo apt-get update

19. 6.1 Install Java v1.5+
6.1.1) Download latest oracle java linux version
wget https://edelivery.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u45-b18/jdk-7u45-linux-x64.tar.gz
OR
To avoid passing username and password use
wget --no-cookies --no-check-certificate --header "Cookie: gpw_e24=http%3A%2F
%2Fwww.oracle.com"
https://edelivery.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u45-b18/jdk-7u45-linux-x64.tar.gz
6.1.2) Copy Java binaries into the /usr/local/java directory.
sudo cp -r jdk-7u25-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/java
6.1.3) Change the directory to /usr/local/java: cd /usr/local/java
6.1.4) Unpack the Java binaries, in /usr/local/java
sudo tar xvzf jdk-7u25-linux-x64.tar.gz
6.1.5) Edit the system PATH file /etc/profile
sudo nano /etc/profile or sudo gedit /etc/profile

20. 6.1 Install Java v1.5+
6.1.6) At end of /etc/profile file add the following system
variables to your system path:
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.7.0_25
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export JAVA_HOME
export PATH
6.1.7)Inform your Ubuntu Linux system where your Oracle Java JDK/JRE is
located.
sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javac" "javac" "/usr/local/java/jdk1.7.0_40/bin/javac"
6.1.8) Reload system wide PATH /etc/profile: . /etc/profile
6.1.9) Test Java: Java -version

21. 6.2 Add dedicated Hadoop system user
6.2.1) Adding group: sudo addgroup Hadoop
6.2.2) Creating a user and adding the user to
a group:
sudo adduser –ingroup Hadoop hduser

22. 6.3 Generae an SSH key for the hduser user
6.3.1) Login as hduser with sudo
6.3.2) Run this Key generation command: ssh-keyegen -t rsa -P “”
6.3.3) It will ask to provide the file name in which to save the
key, just press has entered so that it will generate the key at
‘/home/hduser/ .ssh’
6.3.4)Enable SSH access to your local machine with this
newly created key.
cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
6.3.5) Test SSH setup by connecting to your local machine
with the hduser user.
ssh hduser@localhost
This will add localhost permanently to the list of known hosts

23. 6.4 Disabling IPv6
6.4.1)We need to disable IPv6 because Ubuntu is
using 0.0.0.0 IP for different Hadoop configurations.
Run command : sudo gedit /etc/sysctl.conf
Add the following lines to the end of the file and
reboot the machine, to update the configurations
correctly.
#disable ipv6
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1

24. Install Hadoop 1.2
Ubuntu Linux 12.04.3 LTS
Hadoop 1.2.1, released August, 2013
Download and extract Hadoop:
Command: wget
http://archive.apache.org/dist/hadoop/core/hadoop-1.2.0/Command: tar -xvf hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz

25. Edit Core-Site.Xml
Command: sudo gedit hadoop/conf/core-site.xml
<property>
<name>fs.default.name</name>
<value>hdfs://localhost:8020</value>
</property>

26. Edit hdfs-site.xml
Command: sudo gedit hadoop/conf/hdfs-site.xml
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>1</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.permissions</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>

27. Edit mapred-site.xml
Command: sudo gedit hadoop/conf/mapred
-site.xml
<property>
<name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
<value>localhost:8021</value>
</property>

28. Get your ip address
Command: ifconfig
Command: sudo gedit /etc/hosts

29. CREATE A SSH KEY
•Command: ssh-keygen -t rsa
–P ""
•Moving the key to
authorized key:
•Command: cat
$HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >>
$HOME/.ssh/authorized_key
s

30. Configuration
•Reboot the system
• Add JAVA_HOME in hadoop-env.sh file:
Command: sudo gedit hadoop/conf/hadoop-env.sh
Type :export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-
openjdk-i386

31. JAVA_HOME

32. Hadoop Command
Format the name node
Command: bin/hadoop namenode -format
Start the namenode, datanode
Command: bin/start-dfs.sh
Start the task tracker and job tracker
Command: bin/start-mapred.sh
To check if Hadoop started correctly
Command: jps

33. Thank you
References:
http://bigdatahandler.com/2013/10/24/what-is-apache-hadoop/
edureka.in
CONTACT ME @
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