1. Bagian II OTOMASI DAN
TEKNOLOGI KENDALI
Oleh Mahros Darsin diterjemahkan dari buku Groover
BAB: 4. Introduction to Automation
5. Industrial Control Systems
6. Hardware Components for Automation and Process
Control
7. Numerical Control
8. Industrial Robotics
9. Discrete Control Using Programmable Logic
Controllers and Personal Computers
©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

2. Otomasi dan Teknologi Kendali
Dalam Sistem Produksi
©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

3. Bab 4 Pengantar Otomasi
Bagian:
1. Elemen Dasar sebuah Sistem Otomatis
2. Fungsi Otomasi Lanjut
3. Tingkat Otomasi
©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

4. Definisi Otomasi
Otomasi adalah teknologi yang dengannya proses atau prosedur
dilaksanakan tanpa bantuan manusia.
Elemen dasar sebuah sistem otomatis:
1. Daya – untuk menjalankan proses dan mengoperasikan
sistem otomatis tersebut
2. Program perintah – untuk mengarahkan proses
3. Sistem Kendali – untuk meggerakkan perintah
©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

5. Elemen sebuah Sistem Otomatis
©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

6. Daya untuk Menjalankan Proses Otomatis
Daya untuk proses
Untuk mengemudikan prosesnya sendiri
Untuk mengunggah dan mengunduh unit kerja
Memindahkan di antara operasi
Daya untuk Otomasi
Unit pengendali
Daya untuk menjalankan sinyal kendali
Akuisisi data dan pemrosesan informasi
©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

7. Listrik -
Sumber Daya Utama
Tersedia luas dengan harga terjangkau
Dapat langsung dikonversi menjadi energi bentuk lain, misal:
mekanis, thermal, cahaya, dll.
Daya level rendah dapat digunakan untuk transmisi sinyal,
pemrosesan data dan komunikasi
Dapat disimpan dalam baterai tahan lama
©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

8. Program Perintah
Serangkaian perintah yang menjelaskan urutan langkah dalam
siklus kerja dan rincian tiap langkah
Contoh: CNC part program
Dalam tiap langkah:ada satu atau beberapa aktivitas
melibatkan perubahan pada satu atau lebih parameter proses
Contoh:
Pengaturan suhu pada sebuah tungku
Posisi sumbu pada sistem pemosisian
Motor on atau off
©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

9. Pengambilan Keputusan dalam sebuah
Siklus Kerja Terprogram
Berikut ini adalah contoh siklus kerja otomatis saat pengambilan
Keputusan diperlukan:
Interaksi Operator
Automated teller machine (ATM)
Komponen atau produk berbeda bentuk diproses dengan
sebuah sistem
Siklus robot pengelas untuk model mobil dua pintu atau
empat pintu.
Variasi pada unit kerja permulaan
Permesinan tambahan untuk kelebihan dimensi hasil cor
©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

10. Tampilan sebuah Program Siklus Kerja
Jumlah langkah dalam siklus kerja
Keterlibatan manual dalam siklus kerja (mis. mengunggah
dan menurunkan benda kerja
Parameter proses – berapa banyak yang harus dikendalikan?
Interaksi operator – apakah operator masuk ke pemrosesan data?
Variasi corak mode pada komponen atau produk
Variasi dalam unit kerja permulaan – beberapa penyesuaian
palam parameter proses diperlukan untuk mengompensasi
perbedaan pada unit permulaannya
©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

11. Sistem Kendali – Dua Tipe
1. Closed-loop (feedback) control system – sebuah sistem dengan
variabel luaran dibandingkan dengan parameter masukan
dan jika ada perbedaan diantara keduanya, ini akan dipakai
untuk menggerakkan luaran agar sesuai dengan masukan.
2. Open-loop control system – bekerja tanpa umpan balik
Lebih sederhana dan lebih murah
Resiko bahwa aktuator tidak akan merupakan efek
kesengajaan
©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

12. (a) Feedback Control System and
(b) Open-Loop Control System
(a)
(b)
©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

13. Sistem Pemosisian Menggunakan
Feedback Control
Sebuah sumbu sistem pemosisian terdiri atas sebuah leadscrew
yang digerakkan oleh sebuah motor servo DC dan menggunakan
encoder optis sebagai sensor umpan balik.
©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

14. Jika Menggunakan sebuah
Open-Loop Control System
Aksi dilakukan dengan sistem kendali yang sederhana
Fungsi pergerakan adalah sangat dipercaya.
Jika ada reaksi menentang pergerakan maka gaya reaksi tersebut
cukup kecil untuk memengaruhi pergerakan.
Jika kondisi tsb di atas tidak terpenuhi, maka sistem kendali
tertutup harus digunakan.
©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

15. Fungsi Otomasi Lanjut
1. Pemanatauan keselamatan
2. Diagnosa perawatan dan perbaikan
3. Deteksi kesalahan dan perbaikan
©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

16. Pemantauan Keselamatan
Menggunakan sensor untuk melacak operasi sistem dan
mengidentifikasi keadaan tidak aman atau berpotensi tak aman.
Alasan memantau keselamtan
Melindungi pekerja dan peralatan
Kemungkinan respon terhadap bahaya:
Penghentian istem secara menyeluruh
Menyuarakan alarm
Pengurangan laju proses operasi
Pengambilan aksi perbaikan untuk kembali dari ancaman
bahaya
©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

17. Diagnosa Perawatan dan Perbaikan
Pemantauan Status
Memantau dan merekam status sensor kunci dan parameter
selama sistem operasi.
Diagnosa kegagalan
Menmberitahukan jika terjadi ketidakfungsian
Tujuan: manganalisis nilai terekam sehingga penyebab
ketidakfungsian dapat diidentifikasi.
Rekomendasi prosedur perbaikan
Menyediakan prosedur yang direkomendasi bagi kru
perbaikan untuk melaksanakan tugasnya
©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

18. Pendeteksian Kesalahan dan Pemulihan
1. Pendeteksian Kesalahan – fungsi:
Menggunakan sensor yang tersedia pada sistem untuk menentukan
kapan penyimpangan atau ketidakfungsian telah terjadi.
Menerjemahkan dengan benar sinyal sensor.
Mengklasifikasi kesalahan.
Pemulihan dari kesalahan – strategi yang mungkin:
Membuat penyesuaian pada akhir siklus kerja
embuat penyesuaian selama siklus kerja yang sedang berlangsung
Menghentikan proses untuk melakukan tindakan perbaikan
Menghentikan proses dan minta bantuan
©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

19. Tingkatan Otomasi
1. Tingkat peralatan – actuators, sensors, dan komponen perangkat
keras lainnya, membentuk loop kendali individual untuk
menuju ke tingkat berikutnya
2. Tingkat Mesin – mesin perkakas CNC dan peralatan produksi
sejenis itu, robot industri, peralatan pembawa bahan
3. Tingkat Cell atau sistem – manufacturing cell or system
4. Tingkat Pabrik – factory or production systems level
5. Enterprise level – corporate information system
©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.

20. Levels of Automation
©2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. For the exclusive use of adopters of the book
Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, Third Edition, by Mikell P. Groover.