Teaching in nursing

1. BY
MAHMOUD SHAQRIA
‫شقريه‬ ‫محمود‬
Program Design

2. Out line
1-ntroduction
2-Definition program design.
3-characteristic of successful programmers
4-elements of program design
5-Method of training during the program.
6-Training and design process
7-Factors to be considered.
8-Effective Program Design.
9-Steps/ Phases of Program design
10-EffectivePROGRAMDesign
11-Advantages of program design.
12-Disadvantages of program design.
13-Referenses.

3. Introduction
 Programs are tremendously varied .
 They may work with individuals (like an after school program) or
organizations (like foundations that support after school
programs).or policy that gives rise to service delivery What they hold
in common is this they are concrete plans of action implemented by
organizations with the intention to make the world a better place.

4. Definition program design
 Program design is a planned sequence of experiences,
leading to proficiency, in terms of stimulus-response
relationship that have proven to be effective

5. characteristic of successful programmers
The programmer design needed to be:
1-Attractive
2-Relevant
3-Coherent
4-Engaging
5-Inspiring
6-Challenging
7-Motivating
8-Supportive
9-Flexible
10-Efficient

6. Elements of program design:
*program title.
*program objective.
*contents of the program.
*duration of the program.
*topics of each session with session objectives.
*duration of each session.
*name of the lead faculty for each session.
*name of the guest speakers.
*date ,time, duration ,place and things to be carried by the participants
for the field visit.

7. Method of the program training during
-Training material if any ,required for the training program.
-Date ,time ,duration of the valedictory session.
-Name of the chief guest for leading the inaugural and
valedictory

8. Training and design process
Training process:
 preplanning
 Planning
 Implementation
 Evaluation
 Stimulus

9. Types of cost involved in training program
1-development cost.
2-direct costs.
3-Indirect cost.
4-Overhead cost.
5-participants population.
6-Evaluation cost.

10. Importance consideration design during the training
program:
1-Cover all contents of the training program
2 -motivating/interesting training program.
3-combination of training method
4-simple to complex.
5-Logical sequence of attitude /knowledge /skill
6-Divided in to modules
7-Break up.

11. Factors to be considered
- The subject matter is broken down in to small steps called frames and
arranged sequentially.
- Frequent response is required of the student.
- There is immediate confirmation of right answer or correction of
wrong answers given by the learners i.e. "Self correcting feature"
- Diagnostic feature.
- Each student progresses at his own pace without any threat of being
exposed to any humiliation in a heterogeneous class.

12. -The assumption about the learner is clearly stated in the
programmed learning materials.
- The objectives are defined explicitly.
- An interaction is emphasized between the learner and the
program.
- Continuous evaluation is possible by the record of student's
responses

13. Effective PROGRAM Design
Effective course design includes the following key
elements:
›(a) Determining what you want your students to learn and how
you will measure what they are learning; and
›(b) Selecting a set of activities, assignments, and materials that
will help you lead these students in their learning.

14. Steps/ Phases of Program design
I) Preparatory Phase
It involves:
1. Viewing the program on any topic
2. Deciding to prepare a program
3. Selecting a topic
4. Prepare a content outline
5. Specification of objective in behavioral terms

15. 6. Specifications ( Assumptions about learner)
7. Entering behavior. Pre- requisite skills
8. Preparation of pre-test
9. Terminal behavior. Expected performance of the learner at
the end of a course.
10.Preparation of post- test i.e. preferably Criterion test.

16. II) Writing phase
*It involves:
-Present the material in frames
-Require active student responses.
-Provide answers for confirmation or correction of responses.
-Careful sequencing of frames
-Selection a paradigm of program
*Actual construction of a program begins the moment you learn the
preparatory stage.

17. III) Validation phase
 Validation often requires a joint effort planning and expertise from
several groups.
 Units or departments that help create the validation package often
include process development, engineering, manufacturing, quality
assurance, and quality control.
* The goal of the validation is to ensure that quality is built into the system at
every step, and not just tested for at the end, as such validation activities will
commonly include training on production material and operating
procedures, training of people involved and monitoring of the system

18. Advantages of program design
 -More successful in critical sagacity of the logic of various subjects
and inspiring the students to creative thinking and judgment.
›-Good teachers are in a position to devote their time to more creative
activities.
›-Improve the quality of education in general.
›-Has brought a revolution in the social setting of the class-room.
›-Great thrust in the direction of individualized instruction
›-Helps the teacher to diagnose the problems of the individual
learner.
›-Makes the learning as an interesting game & learner is challenged
by his own capabilities

19. Disadvantages of program design
 -Not eliminate competition or grades as often
claimed
›-Too many errors appear the pupils loses interest
and motivation
›-Restricts the learner's freedom of choice
›-Ignores inadequate provisions for variables like
cognitive variables, personality variables and
motivational variables
›-Complete loss of the teacher- pupil contact

20. Thank you…