promoting self esteem and self image

1. PROMOTING SELF
ESTEEM
SUBMITTED BY
T.MAGLIN ANUSHA
M.SC(N)II nd yr
CSI JACON

2. INTRODUCTION:
McKay and Fainning (2000)described self-esteem as an
emotional sine qua non, a component that is essential for
psychological survival.The awareness of self i.e.,
(the ability to form an identity and then attach a value to it)
is an important differentiating factor between human and
other animals

3. DEFINITION:
SELF –ESTEEM refers to the degree of regard or
respect that individuals have for themselves and is a
measure of worth that they place on their abilities and
judgments -WARREN

4. SELF-CONCEPT is the cognitive or thinking
component of the self,and generally refers to the
totality of a complex,organized and dynamic system
and opinions that each person holds to be true about
his or of learned beliefs,attitude her personal
existence
-HUITT

5. COMPONENTS
OF
SELF-ESTEEM
PHYSICAL
SELF OR
BODY
IMAGE
PERSONAL
IDENTITY

6. •PHYSICAL SELF or BODY IMAGE:
An individual’s body image is a subjective perception of one’s
perception of one’s physical appearance based on self-evaluation
and on reactions and feedback from others.Body image is the
mental picture a person has of his or her own body.

7. PERSONAL IDENTITY
This component of the self –concept is composed of
SELF-
CONSISTEN
CY
SELF
IDEAS/
SELF
EXPECTA
NCY
MORAL
ETHICAL
SELF

8. DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-ESTEEM
From a review of personality theorists,COPPERSMITH identified
the following conditions of positive self-esteem
•POWER
•SIGNIFICANCE
•VIRTUE
•COMPETENCE
•CONSISTENTLY SET LIMITS

9. DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRESSION OF SELF –ESTEEM
THROUGH THE LIFE SPAN
The development of self-esteem progresses throughout the life-span
.ERIKSON’S(1963)theory of personality development provides a
useful framework for illustration.
ERIKSON describes eight transitional or maturational crisis

11. MANIFESTATION
OF
LOW SELF-ESTEEM

12.  Loss of appetite/weight loss
 Overeating
Constipation or diarrhea
 Sleep disturbances (insomnia or
difficulty falling or staying asleep)
 Hypersomnia
 Complaints of fatigue
 Poor posture
 Withdrawal from activities
 Difficulty initiating new activities

13. Decreased libido
 Decrease in spontaneous behavior
 Expression of sadness, anxiety, or discouragement
 Expression of feeling of isolation, being
unlovable,unable to express or defend oneself, and
too weak to confront or overcome difficulties
Fearful of angering others
Tendency to stay in background
Sensitivity to criticism; self-conscious
Expression of feelings of helplessness

14. MANIFESTATION OF LOW SELF ESTEEM
Individuals with low-self-esteem perceive themselves to be
incompetent,unloveable ,insecure and unworthy.
 FOCAL STIMULI
 CONTEXTUAL STIMULI
RESIDUAL STIMULI

15. FOCAL STIMULI
A focul stimuli is the immediate concern that is causeing
the threat to self –esteem and the stimulus that is
engendering the current behaviour
EXAMPLE
loss of employement
 failure relationship

16. CONTEXTUAL STIMULI
Are all of the other stimuli present in the person’s
Environment that contribute to the behaviour being
caused by the focul stimulus
EXAMPLES;
Child of the relationship becoming emotionally disable
in response to the divorce

17. RESIDUAL STIMULI
Residual stimuli are factors that may influencein one’s
maladaptive behaviour in response to focal and
contextual stimuli

18. BOUNDARIES
Boundaries are sometimes referred to as limits ,the limit or
degree to which individuals feel comfortable in a relationship
.Boundaries define and differentiate an individual’s physical and
psychological space from the physical and psychological space of
others
Boundaries help individuals define the self and are
Part of the individual process

19. PHYSICAL
BOUNDARIES
PSYCHOLOGICAL
BOUNDARIES

20. BOUNDARY PLIANCY
Boundaries can be rigid,flexible or enmeshed.
The behavior of dogs and cats can be a good illustration of rigid
boundaries and flexible boundaries.

21. Rigid Boundaries
Individuals who have rigid boundaries often have a
hardtime trusting others. They keep others at a
distance, and are difficult to communicate with. They
reject new ideas or experiences, and often withdraw,
both emotionally and physically.

22. Flexible Boundaries
Healthy boundaries are flexible. That is, individuals must
be able to let go of their boundaries and limits when
appropriate. In order to have flexible boundaries, one
must be aware of who is considered safe and when it is
safe to let others invade our personal space.

23. Enmeshed Boundaries
Enmeshed boundaries occur when two people’s
boundaries
are so blended together that neither can be sure
where one stops and the other begins, or one individual’s
boundaries may be blurred with another’s. The individual
with the enmeshed boundaries may be unable to
differentiate his or her feelings, wants, and needs from
the other person’s.

24. ROLE OF NURSE IN PROMOTING SELF –ESTEEM:
•Involving of preparing family members are essential
strategies to build an emotional support basis.
•Family members also have to try to find a solution ,give
support be present and motivate .
•They also help with self-esteem and autonomy
•Should discussed difficulties in promoting participation and
involvement of support networks in the care processes of
These individuals

25. •Nurses extended the discussion on awareness and
preparation of the family to participate in providing
care and motivating patients
•The professionals have to work together ,following the
sameline .Discuss ,plan and find the best solutions
•Nurse has to have autonomy to guide,stimulate ,try to
understand the patient’s context
•Mistakes can be minimized when professional conduct
and practice is maintained

26. NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Chronic low self esteem
RELATED TO: Lack of affection/
Approval,repeated failures,repeated negative
Reinforcement
EVIDENCED BY; Exaggerates negative feedback
About self and expressions of shame and guilt,
Dependent on other opionions

27. RISK FOR SUITATIONAL LOW SELF-ESTEEM
RISK FACTORS: developmental changes, functional
Impairement ,disturbed body image,loss ,history
Of abuse or neglect,unrealistic self-expectations,
Physical illness,failures,rejection

28. THANK YOU