1.
Overview:
 Normal constituents of air.
 Definition of air pollution.
 Sources and causes of contamination.
 Types of air pollution, effects and
prevention
 Egypt’s situation.

2.
Normal constitution of air

3.
Definition of air pollution
Alteration of percentages of normal air
constituents or/and contamination of the
air by:
 noxious gases
 minute particles of solid and liquid
matter (particulates)
in concentrations that endanger health.

4.
Major sources of air pollution
 Transportation engines
 Power and heat generation
 Industrial processes
 Burning of solid waste.

5.
Causes: (air pollutants)
 Carbon Monoxide (Co)
 Lead (Pb)
 Nitrogen Dioxide (No2)
 Ozone (O3)
 Particulate matter
 Sulfur Dioxide (So2).

6.
Chemical
air pollution
Indoor air
pollution
Outdoor air
pollution
Biological
air pollution
Mainly
indoor air
pollution
Types of air
pollution

7.
Chemical indoor air pollution

8.
Why is it considered more
dangerous than outdoor air
pollution?

9.
Outdoor air pollution
 Major pollutants:
 CO
 NO2
 SO2 * Gases
 O3
 Pb * Metals
 Dust
 Fumes
 Fog * Particulate matter
 Smoke
 Smog

10.
Outdoor air pollution
 Minor pollutants:
VOC
Metals ( As, Cr, Cd )
Green house gases
H2S
PAH (smoking ---- ETS)

11.
Effects of outdoor air pollution
* Environmental *
Human
effects
effects• Acid rain
• Ozone
depletion
• Global
warming
• Smog
• Acute
illnesses
• Chronic
illnesses

12.
Acidrain

13.
Effects on famous buildings

14.
Ozone depletion
• Functions of
ozone
• Etiology of
ozone depletion
• Effect of ozone
depletion

15.
Green house effect and global
warming

16.
Green house gases (thermal
blanket)

17.
Droughts
Spontaneous
fires

18.
Loss of biodiversity
Floods
Increase
disease
vectors
Melting poles
cyclone

19.
To summarize

20.
Smog (Dense visible air
pollution)
 Smoke fog Smog
 Types of smog:
Grey / Industrial / Sulfurous / London
smog
 Brownish / Photochemical / Nitrous /
Los Angelos smog

21.
Prevention and control of
chemical air pollution
 Promote the use of clean fuel. (natural gas –
solar energy – wind)
 Control the burning of solid waste & fuel +
applying a safe way to dispose & recycle it
(biomass energy).
 Industrial sources:
-Concentrate industrial activities in new cities
outside residual areas
-Upgrading old factories
-Regular machine maintenance
-Substitution of old technology by new one
 Motor vehicle:
-↓Traffic volume

22.
Prevention and control of
chemical air pollution
 Scientific group to assess damage of pollution
 Laws to control emission
 Education in schools & universities about effects of
pollution
 Personal careful attention to our interaction with
environment
 Review of building materials for potential harmful
effects
 Adequate ventilation
 Restriction of smoking.

23.
Biological air pollution

24.
Legionnaires' disease (group
search)

25.
Prevention and control of
biological air pollution
 Proper housekeeping & maintenance
of heating & air conditioning
equipment
 Adequate ventilation & good air
distribution
 Moisture control
 Using integrated methods to control
insect & animal allergens
 Personal hygiene (covering mouth &
nose by hand or mask during
sneezing or coughing).