8. replaces the name of a thing with the name
of something else with which it is closely
associated
“Pen is mightier than a sword.”
9. is a literary device in which a part of
something represents the whole.
“Kyle is proud about his new wheels.”
10. is a direct address to something
inanimate or dead or absent.
“Why don't you ever work, you
stupid computer?”
11. refers to any scientific, historical, literary, or
biblical event or figure.
“Tara’s Achilles heel is her hair.”
"You are a Solomon when it comes
to making decisions."