3. 1.1 Units
I will be able toā¦
ā¢ Identify metric and English
units of measurement.
ā¢ Explain why scientists use SI
units.
ā¢ Measure quantities using
appropriate units for
measurement.
4. 1.1 Units
ā¢Unit ā a quantity adopted as a standard
of measurement.
ā¢ Measurements must include a quantity
and a unit.
ā¢The two most commonly used units of
measurement are
ā¢ English (Imperial) System
ā¢ Metric System
7. 1.1 Units
ā¢The English System
ā¢ Distance = inch, foot, yard, mile
ā¢ Mass = ounce, pound, ton, slug (1 slug = 12 blobs)
ā¢ Volume = ounce, cup, pint, quart, gallon
ā¢ Time = second, minute, hour, day, year
ā¢ Temperature = Fahrenheit
Many English units were based off body
parts of influential people and varied
from region to region.
8. 1.1 Units
ā¢The Metric System
ā¢ Distance = cm, m, km
ā¢ Mass = gram, kg
ā¢ Volume = milliliter, liter
ā¢ Time = second, minute, hour, day, year
ā¢ Temperature = Celsius
The international prototype kilogram is
made of 90% platinum and 10% iridium.
This mixture of metals is extremely
resistant to environmental factors that
may affect its mass. It is held under very
tight security in St. Cloud, France.
9. 1.1 Units
ā¢Since 1960, scientists worldwide have
used a set of units called the International
System (Le Systeme Internationale in
French) or SI.
11. 1.2 Unit Conversions
I will be able toā¦
ā¢ Define conversion factor.
ā¢ Convert from one unit to
another using conversion
factors and dimensional
analysis.
12. 1.2 Unit Conversions
ā¢To change between units of the same
measurement scientists use conversion
factors.
13. 1.2 Unit Conversions
ā¢Conversion Factor ā a ratio of the equality
of two different units of the same
measurement.
ā¢ Can be used to convert from one unit to
another.
14. 1.2 Unit Conversions
1 hr = 60 min 1 min = 60 sec 1 km = 1000 m 7 days = 1 week
24 hrs = 1 day 1 kg = 2.2 lbs 1 gal = 3.79 L 264.2 gal = 1 m3
1 mi = 5,280 ft 1 kg = 1000 g 1 lb = 16 oz 20 drops = 1 mL
365 days = 1 yr 52 weeks = 1 yr 2.54 cm = 1 in 1 L = 1000 mL
0.621 mi = 1.00 km 1 yd = 36 inches 1 cc is 1 cm3 1 mL = 1 cm3
18. 1.2 Unit Conversions
EXAMPLE
ā¢ A high school cross country race is 5
kilometers. How many miles is a cross
country race? How many feet?
19. 1.2 Unit Conversions
EXAMPLE
ā¢ A high school cross country race is 5
kilometers. How many miles is a cross
country race? How many feet? How
many inches?
20. 1.2 Unit Conversions
ā¢Temperature Conversions
ā¢ TĀ°C = Temperature in Degrees Celsius
ā¢ TĀ°F = Temperature in Degrees Fahrenheit
ā¢ TK = Temperature in Degrees Kelvin
22. 1.2 Unit Conversions
EXAMPLES
ā¢Convert the following temperatures from
Kelvin to Celsius.
š»ļ° šŖ = š» š² ā ššš
ā¢34 K
ā¢300 K
ā¢214.6 K
23. 1.2 Unit Conversions
EXAMPLES
ā¢Convert the following temperatures from
Celsius to Kelvin.
š» š² = š»ļ° šŖ + ššš
ā¢49 Ā°C
ā¢24.3 Ā°C
ā¢-36 Ā°C
24. 1.2 Unit Conversions
EXAMPLES
ā¢Convert the following temperatures from
Celsius to Fahrenheit.
š»ļ° š = š. šš š»ļ° šŖ + šš
ā¢123 Ā°C
ā¢-12 Ā°C
ā¢47.3 Ā°C
25. 1.2 Unit Conversions
EXAMPLES
ā¢Convert the following temperatures from
Fahrenheit to Celsius.
š»ļ° šŖ =
(š»ļ° šāšš)
š. šš
ā¢101 Ā°F
ā¢36 Ā°F
ā¢-45 Ā°F
26. 1.3 Density
I will be able toā¦
ā¢ Define and provide
appropriate units for mass,
volume, and density.
ā¢ Solve density problems.
27. 1.3 Density
ā¢Volume ā the space an object occupies.
ā¢ Base Unit = Liter (L)
ā¢ Volume of Rectangular Prism = l * w * h
ā¢ Volume of a Cylinder = Ļ * r2 * h
ā¢ Volume of a Sphere =
4
3
* Ļ * r3
Rectangular Prism Cylinder
Sphere
28. 1.3 Density
ā¢Mass ā a measure of the amount of
matter in an object.
ā¢ Base Unit = Gram (g)
ā¢ Mass ā Weight
29. 1.3 Density
ā¢Density - the amount of
matter present in a given
volume of substance.
ā¢ The density of a substance
always remains constant.
31. 1.3 Density
EXAMPLE
ā¢The five liquids in the
table were added to a
graduated cylinder.
Identify each liquid
based on the
densities provided in
the table.
33. 1.3 Density
EXAMPLE
ā¢A mason is trying to determine the density
of bricks to determine their quality. Each
brick has a mass of 3.00 x 103 g. Each brick
measures 15 cm x 8 cm x 45 cm. What is
the density (g/cm3) of each brick?
34. 1.3 Density
EXAMPLE
ā¢A shot put has a density of 7.86
grams/cm3. A shot put has a mass of
7.260 kg. What is the volume (cm3) of the
shot put? What metal is the shot put
made of?
35. 1.3 Density
EXAMPLE
ā¢A sample of metal has
a density of 2.699
grams/cm3. The
sample also has a
volume 18.20 cm3.
What is the mass (g)
of the metal sample?
What metal is the
sample made of?
36. 1.4 Significant Figures
I will be able toā¦
ā¢ Define uncertainty.
ā¢ Identify the number of significant
figures in a measurement.
ā¢ Round numbers to the correct
numbers of significant figures or
decimals.
ā¢ Calculate answers and determine
the proper number of significant
figures or decimals.
37. 1.4 Significant Figures
ā¢Uncertainty ā the possibility of error in
a measurement.
ā¢ When measurements are taken most tools
are not precise and accurate enough to
get exact measurements. To compensate
for this scientists, use significant figures.
38. 1.4 Significant Figures
ā¢ Significant Figure ā digits that
carry meaning in a
measurement.
ā¢ Significant Figures = Sig Figs
ā¢ Sig figs are certain (known)
numbers.
ā¢ Sig figs determine how answers
are rounded during calculations.
ā¢ Sig figs are necessary in science
because they represent
measurements as accurately as
possible.
39. 1.4 Significant Figures
ā¢When measurements are taken
ā¢ All certain digits are recorded.
ā¢ The last digit is uncertain and you must
estimate the digit.
46. 1.4 Significant Figures
ā¢The Atlantic Ocean
is on our right when
we look at a map.
ā¢The Pacific Ocean is
on our left when we
look at a map.
ā¢You are a swimmer.
47. 1.4 Significant Figures
ā¢ If a decimal is ABSENT
you start swimming
on the ATLANTIC side
of the number.
ā¢ You can only āswimā
through zeros.
ā¢ Once you hit a
number between 1
and 9 you stop
āswimmingā.
ā¢ All the numbers left
(including zeros) are
significant.
49. 1.4 Significant Figures
ā¢ If a decimal is PRESENT you
start swimming on the
PACIFIC side of the number.
ā¢ You can only āswimā
through zeros.
ā¢ Once you hit a number
between 1 and 9 you stop
āswimmingā.
ā¢ All the numbers left
(including zeros) are
significant.
51. 1.4 Significant Figures
ā¢Multiplying and Dividing
ā¢ The answer should have the same number
of sig figs, as the number with the fewest
sig figs in your problem.
52. 1.4 Significant Figures
EXAMPLES
ā¢How many significant figures should each
answer have? Calculate the answer.
ā¢ 834 * 1.002 =
ā¢ 7.3 / 2342 =
ā¢ 43 * 3.453 =
53. 1.4 Significant Figures
ā¢Adding and Subtracting
ā¢ The answer should have the same number
of decimal places, as the number with the
fewest decimal places in the problem.
54. 1.4 Significant Figures
EXAMPLES
ā¢How many decimal places should each
answer have? Calculate the answer.
ā¢ 834.7 + 1.002 =
ā¢ 7.3 - 2342 =
ā¢ 43.4345 + 3.453 =
55. 1.4 Significant Figures
EXAMPLES
ā¢Write the following numbers in scientific
notation, using the given number of sig figs.
ā¢ 1,000,000 with two significant figures.
ā¢ 1,000,000 with three significant figures.
ā¢ 2,232,450 with two significant figures.
56. 1.5 Scientific
Notation
I will be able toā¦
ā¢ Express numbers in both
standard notation and
scientific notation.
ā¢ Solve addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division
problems involving numbers
written in scientific notation.
58. 1.5 Scientific Notation
ā¢Coefficient = a number greater than or
equal to 1 and less than 10.
ā¢Base = must be 10
ā¢Exponent = shows the number of decimal
places that the decimal needs to moved
to change the number to standard
notation.