1. National Programme of Wood
Potential Utilization in Slovakia
IN2WOOD 2012 – Final Conference
May 3 – 4, 2012
Hotel Patria, Štrbské pleso, High Tatras,
Slovakia

2. Slovak Republic:
Forest area and Forest percentage
Area: 49 034 km2
Population: 5.4 mill. inhabitants
Density of population: 109/km2
Forest percentage: 41%
agricultural
land
urban regions
41%
50%
rest
forests or
8% 1% wooded land

3. Development of basic forest
productive indicators
Forest area development
Forest area: 1,939 mill. ha
1,945
Growing stock: 462 mill. m3, of it: 1,94
1,939
conifer 212 mill. m3, 1,935
1,931
broad-leaf 250 mill. m3
million ha
1,93
1,927
1,924
GS/ha: 239 m3 1,925
1,922
1,92
NAI: 11,87 mill. m3; NAI/ha: 6,23 m3 1,915
All these indicators have been 1,91
increasing for the last decades 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Forest Area
Growing stock development Net annual increment development
500,0 6,30 12 000
11 870
450,0 11 768
6,20
11 800
400,0 11 671
350,0 6,10
11 534 11 600
million M3
300,0
mill. m3
6,00
11 391
m3
250,0 11 400
5,90
200,0 11 204 6,23
6,20 11 200
150,0 5,80 6,14
100,0 6,07
6,00 11 000
5,70 5,83
50,0
0,0 5,60 10 800
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Growing stock mill. m3 Conifer mill. m3 Boroad-leaf mill. m3 NAI per ha m3 NAI mill. M3

4. Development of timber felling and
age composition of forests
Timber Felling Development
Timber felling has been 12,000
increasing, it reached nearly 10,000
10 mill. m3 in 2010. Main 8,000
mill. m3
reasons are: 6,000
Actual age composition of 4,000
forests with increasing 2,000
proportion of older forest 0,000
stands 1990 1995 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Annual Allowable Cut Actual Felling Incidental (Salvage) Felling
This leads to increasing the
annual allowable cut Development of Age composition of forests
Annual overfelling caused by
high proportion of incidental 2010
fellings; years 1990
calamity wood have to be
1970
processed in accordance with
forest act (except protected 1950
territories) 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Share of forest land
cleaning 1st age class 2nd age class 3rd age class
4th age class 5th age class 6th age class 7th age class

5. Protected territories in Slovakia
Nature conservation is significant factor influencing the utilization of timber
production in Slovakian forests - they represent dominant part of the protected
territories
Total area of forest protected territories = 1,15 mill. ha, it is 57% of all forests
Management in these forests is restricted in dependence on degree of
protection of individual protected territories
1st DP – basic degree of protection
1st DP – special protected areas
2nd DP – landscape protected areas
3rd DP – national parks
4th DP – protected sites
5th DP – strict nature reserves

6. Extent of protected territories in Slovakia
National system of protected
territories (PT):
9 national parks – 343 ths. ha
14 protected landscape areas – 354
ths. ha,
more than 700 small-area strictly
protected territories
European PT – NATURA 2000
41 SPA (Special Protected Areas) for
bird protection – 837 ths. ha of forest
land
473 SCI (Sites of Community
Importance) – 584 ths. ha of the FL
Slovakia has a lot of nature
values, but unfortunately the
system of their protection is not very
effective
In this country prevails quantity of
nature conservation with plenty of
prohibitions and restrictions on large
areas, instead of its quality
This causes significant social,
economic but also ecological losses

7. Timber supply including export and import in 2010
Produced roundwood is supplied by forest enterprises to
wood processing industries in this basic structure
Total Coniferous Broad-leaved
(mill. m3)
Timber felling 9,86 6,24 3,62
TIMBER SUPPLY 9,60 6,38 3,22
- Industrial roundwood 9,09 6,09 3,00
- sawlogs and veneer logs 5,59 4,32 1,27
- pulpwood 3,47 1,74 1,73
- Wood fuel 0,51 0,29 0,22
Coniferous industrial roundwood (60%)
Timber export 2,56 = 26% Coniferous pulpwood (22,5%)
Hardwood (14%), Fuelwood (the rest)
Mainly broad-leaved pulpwood
Timber import 0,65
(0,45 mill. m3)

8. Pulp and paper industry (PPI)
PPI is one of the most effective sectors of the Slovak economy
which has produced in 2010:
637 ths. mt of wood pulp
780 ths. mt of paper and paperboard
204 ths. mt of recovered paper
Most of this production is exported abroad.

9. Wood working industries (WWI)
WWI has sufficient processing capacity to process all volume of softwood felled in
Slovakia
However it is not able to absorb existing harvesting possibilities of hardwood
(broadleaved timber) – it absorbs only about 0,5 mill. m3
By 1990 broadleaved roundwood was processed in few large companies that were
liquidated or transformed to a today´s much smaller processing capacity
Due to this fact broadleaved rundwood is felled below its harvesting possibilities
and relatively high portion of felled hardwood is exported
WWI in Slovakia lacks for wood products with higher added value, especially
veneer, plywood and fibreboard for furniture industry.

10. Wood working industries
In 2010 the WWI produced:
2,6 mill. m3 of sawnwood
0,69 mill. m3 of wood-
based panels
of it mainly:
0,56 mill. m3 of particle
board
0,09 mill. m3 of
fibreboard

11. Prognosis of growing stock and timber
felling development
Prognosis of growing stock development
In next development of timber 500
growing stock we expect a turn 450
towards its declining in this decade 400
mill. m3
due to actual state of age 350
composition of forests with lack of 300
younger forest stands with high 250
200
increment 150
Because of high proportion of 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
mature stands we are able to Total Coniferous Broad leaved
maintain the annual volume of Prognosis of timber felling development
timber felling about 9 mill. m3 for
the next 20 years 10000
9000
under assumption of decreasing 8000
the volume of salvage felling mainly
ths. m3
7000
in Norway spruce forest stands 6000
We expect decline of softwood 5000
4000
felling and on the contrary a 3000
growth of the hardwood felling 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
Total Coniferous Broadleaved

12. Objectives of the national programme
In order to develop a competitive forest industry sector the national program aims:
(1) to increase value added of the forest industry sector,
(2) to improve domestic demand for wood products.
Therefore, it is necessary (3) to meet increasing demands for wood supply
in accordance with the principles of sustainable forest management.
And that in the changing natural (climate change...) and social conditions.
Concerning strong support for use of wood as an environmentally friendly,
renewable and recyclable raw material the national forest industry sector has
an ambition and conditions to become one of the pillars of the Slovak
economy.
In addition, this sector significantly contributes to mitigation of climate
change by carbon sequestration in
forests,
products from harvested timber and
its replacement for non-renewable raw materials and energy.
Therefore, the last of the objectives is (4) to increase use of forest biomass
and by-products of wood processing for energy purposes.
For all these objectives the programme sets more concrete measures that will
be further in-processed by the Action plan of the National Programme.

13. Survey of some significant measures of the
national programme – Objective 1
Implement measures for forest adaptation to
climate change impacts in Slovakia
Develope technical concept of forets silviculture
(for example: growing of short-aged plantations)
Increase timber mobilisation with respect to
environmental limits for use of residual
dendromass, thin wood, dead wood and stumps
Develop afforestation program of agricultural land
unsuitable for agricultural production
Review the scope of ​protected areas with a strict
non-intervention regime

14. Survey of some significant measures of the
national programme – Objective 2
Improve technology level and forestry facilities for more
environment-friendly and effective forest management,
especially by investments into road construction
and harvesting and transport technologies
Start to realize economic transformation of the
forestry aimed at diversifying of its activities and the
provision of paid ecosystem services to society
Promote domestic processing of wood and sawn
wood by reducing the wood export, improving the
capacity of domestic wood-processing industry. It is
necessary to encourage entry of investors to the
processing capacity of broad-leaved saw logs

15. Survey of some significant measures of the
national programme – Objective 3
Apply public polices of wood purchasing in
particular:
Increasing the extent of „green public procurement“ for
wood products
Supporting the construction of „green buildings“
Supporting environmental behavior of organizations financed
by public funds through the „green management“,
Stimulate the „cascade“ use of wood.
Promote measures to improve image of forestry,
wood processing industries and their products in
public
Improve the forest information system of wood
processing sector

16. Survey of some significant measures of the
national programme – Objective 4
Increasing the level of the complex forest
biomass utilization
Promote sustainable growth of wood biomass
production, its economic efficiency and
positive environmental effects
Promote growth and effective energy
production from wood biomass
Update and implement a strategy of wood
biomass production and utilization in Slovakia

17. Thank you very much for
your attention and
Have a nice stay
in the High Tatras