2. • Essential Standard 8.P.1: Understand the properties of matter
and changes that occur when matter interacts in an open and
closed container.
• Clarifying Objective 8.P.1.2: Explain how the physical
properties of elements and their reactivity have been used to
produce the current model of the Periodic Table of elements.

3. Why is the periodic
table important to • The periodic table is
me? the most useful tool
to a chemist.
• It organizes lots of
information about all
the known elements.

4. The Arrangement of the Periodic Table
•The elements are arranged in rows
according to their atomic number and in
columns according to their valence
electrons or number of electrons in the
outer shell. Elements in a given column
have similar chemical characteristics.
•A detailed periodic table typically gives
information on the name, symbol, atomic Advance
number, atomic weight, shell to page 5
configuration and other material.

5. The History of the Periodic Table
Dmitri Mendeleev Lothar Meyer

6. Periodic Table of Elements
The elements in a column make up a family of elements. A family is also known as a
group. Thus the elements in column 8 are known as the family or group of noble
gases.
Click on the Periodic Table

7. How do I read an electron configuration table?
Step 1 - Gather Information The
atomic number is the number
located in the upper left corner and
the atomic weight is the number
located on the bottom.
Step 2 - The Number of Protons is…
The atomic number is the number
of protons in an atom of an
element. In our example,
Germanium's atomic number is 32.
This tells us that an atom of
Germanium has 32 protons in its
nucleus.
Step 3 - The Number of Neutrons
is... Happily, to find the mass
number, all you need to do is round
the atomic weight to the nearest
whole number and subtract the
number of Protons and magically
you have found the answer.

8. Let us see what you have learned. Use the
information provided to answer the questions.
2 5 11 17
He B Na Cl
Helium Boron Sodium Chlorine
4.003 10.81 22.990 35.453
1. What is the atomic number for Chlorine?
2. What is the atomic mass for Boron?
3. How many protons are in an atom of Na?
4. How many neutrons are in an atom of He?
5. How many electrons are in an atom of Cl?
6. How many protons and neutrons would be in an atom of Chlorine?
7. How many neutrons are in an atom of Na?
8. How many protons and neutrons are in an atom of Helium?

9. Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids
The periodic table on the right separates elements into
three groups: the metals (green in the table), nonmetals
(orange), and metalloids (blue).

10. Metals
Most elements are metals.
They Are usually shiny, very
dense, and only Melt at high
temperatures. Their shape can
be easily changed into thin
wires or sheets without
breaking. Metals will corrode,
Gradually Wearing away, like
rusting iron. Heat And
electricity travel easily through
metals, which is why it is not
wise to stand next a flagpole
during a thunderstorm!

11. Nonmetals
Nonmetals, on the right side of
the periodic table, are very
different from metals. Their
surface is dull and they don’t
conduct heat and electricity. As
compared to metals, they have
low density and will melt at
low temperatures. The shape
of nonmetals cannot be
changed easily because they
are brittle and will break.

12. Metalloids
Elements that
have properties
of both metals
and nonmetals
are called
metalloids.

13. Elements in the
Human Body.
Roughly 96 percent of the
mass of the human body is
made up of just four
elements:
oxygen, carbon, hydrogen
and nitrogen, with a lot of
that in the form of water.
The remaining 4 percent is a
sparse sampling of additional
elements from the periodic
table.

14. Elements in the
Earth’s surface.
Even though there are 92
elements that are naturally
found, only eight of them
are common in the rocks
that make up the Earth’s
outer layer, the crust.
Together, these 8 elements
make up more than 98% of
the crust.
Together, the elements
oxygen and silicon make up
most of the Earth’s crust
including silicate minerals
such as quartz and
feldspar.

15. Physical and
Chemical Changes
It is important to
understand the difference
between chemical and
physical changes.
Physical changes are about
energy and states of
matter. Chemical changes
happen on a molecular
level when you have two or
more molecules that
interact and create a new
molecule or two.

16. Balancing Equations
• Atoms are not CREATED or
DESTROYED during a
chemical reaction.
• Scientists know that there
must be the SAME number
of atoms on each SIDE of
the EQUATION.
• To balance the chemical
equation, you must add
COEFFICIENTS in front of
the chemical formulas in
the equation. You cannot
ADD or CHANGE subscripts!

17. Balancing Act:
Step-by-Step Example Problem:
• Step 1: Determine number of
atoms for each element.
• Step 2: Pick an element that is
not equal on both sides of the
equation.
• Step 3: Add a coefficient in front
of the formula with that element
and adjust your counts.
• Step 4: Continue adding
coefficients to get the same
number of atoms of each
element on each side.

18. Use the formulas provided to determine the number of
atoms of each element in each compound.
• 1. CO2 • List each element by symbol
and tell how many atoms
• 2. 2H2O there are in the compound.
• 3. Mg(OH)2 • C = ____ O = ____
• 4. 3NaHCO3
• 5. 2H2SO4

19. The periodic table is the most important
tool in the chemist’s toolbox!

20. References
• http://www.tutorvista.com/content/science/science-ii/chemical-
reactions-equations/chemical-change.php
• http://www.tutorvista.com/content/science/science-ii/chemical-
reactions-equations/physical-change.php
http://sciencespot.net/Pages/startersphysci.html
• http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_chemphys.html
• http://www.chemistry.co.nz/mendeleev.htm
• http://science.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/famous-
scientists/chemists/julius-lothar-meyer-info.htm
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0zION8xjbM

21. Mrs. K
• On slide 5 is my voice recording and if you click on the pictures you
will be directed to additional information.
• On slide 6 if you click on the periodic table you will be directed to a
youtube video.
• On slide 9 if you click on the words periodic table and elements, you
will be directed to additional information.
• On slide 10 if you click on the word elements, you will be directed
to additional information.
• On slide 11 if you click on the word density, you will be directed to
additional information.
• On slide 15 if you click on the word states and both the
pictures, you will be directed to additional information (websites).