The document provides information on various filmmaking techniques including time management, the 180 degree rule, match on action, editing with iMovie, lighting issues, health and safety, and conducting audience research. Key details include creating a Gantt chart for time management, not crossing the imaginary 180 degree line when filming conversations, matching shots to continue action seamlessly, getting used to iMovie's interface, addressing lighting issues like a blown bulb, and taping down wires for safety. Audience research found that 15-19 year olds prefer psychological thrillers and want new themes rather than repeated plots.

1. Time Management
• I decided to create a Gantt chart in order to easily see
exactly what tasks I needed to complete on a daily or
weekly basis. Although this took time to make
originally, I believe it was worthwhile as without it I
may have slipped behind and not managed my time
effectively.
• I sometimes found the chart a little overwhelming as it
showed all the tasks that needed to be completed,
therefore, I used conditional formatting in order to
show exactly which tasks had and hadn’t been
completed.

2. 180 Degree Rule
• The 180 degree rule is a rule that is set for when filming a conversation or shot-
reverse-shot. The person filming has to imagine that there is a straight line that
they are not allowed to cross. The reason for this is that if the camera crosses the
180 degree line, the characters appear to switch sides on the screen. Therefore,
when filming a conversation or shot-reverse-shot sequence, the camera should not
cross the imaginary line in order to create a logical and coherent scene.

3. Match On Action
• This is where the camera jumps from view of something to another whilst
still forming a coherent, continuous order. During our preliminary task, the
match on action sequence will be when the character enters the room.
Therefore, the sequence will be made up of different shots of the actor
opening the door and entering the room.
• The picture below illustrates the match on action sequence when walking
through a door. The top two images show the character walking towards
the door and opening it from one angle and then the camera films the
character coming through the door from the other side (bottom two
images).

4. Using iMovie to Edit
• I edited the preliminary task which involved using software called iMovie. This is a program on
the Apple Macs at College which is used to edit and put together small projects.
• I found that the program was a bit daunting at first as there are many different icons on the
screen, whereas I am used to words on Microsoft programs such as ‘print’ or ‘insert’.
• However, after
practicing for a little while,
I soon got the hang of it
and managed to effectively
edit our preliminary task
using transitions and
reducing the sound in
order to create a
professional look to the
task.
• On the right is a
screenshot of iMovie.

5. Shooting Schedule
• We decided to do a brief run through of what and how we were going to film. We did
this for Ali’s (the other actress) sake so that she would know what she had to do. In
addition to this, it gave Anna and I a chance to check that we could carry out all our
ideas in the space that was available and to know whether we needed to adjust the
lighting or the lay out of the room. Below is a brief shooting schedule that Anna and I
devised together to make sure that we kept to time and that we included everything.
16.15 Run through without filming
16.20 Film walking through door – behind
16.22 Film walking through door – infront (sitting down also)
16.26 Watch back – film more if needed
16.30 Choose 180⁰ position for tripod – make markings on floor
16.35 Film all of my speech
16.40 Film all of Ali’s speech
16.45 Watch back and film any more if needed
17.00 Finish

6. Location, Props and Costume
The location was Anna’s house as it was We chose for myself and Ali
central to both of us as had a dining (Anna’s Mum) to be dressed in
table close to a window which is what casual dress as we were in a home
we wanted for natural light. environment and we were acting
The props that we used in the as if we knew each other. If we
preliminary task were a crossword were dressed in smart dress then
puzzle book and a pen. We chose these the preliminary task would appear
as it showed a relaxed atmosphere and illogical. This involved a casual
it meant the storyline could be simple dress and jeans and a t-shirt. I feel
and light-hearted. We originally used a that costume was an important
pencil to fill in the crossword, however, factor to tell the audience that this
the pencil was too faint when filmed so was just a friendly conversation in
we decided to use a pen instead. This a home environment.
showed up clearly on the footage so I
am confident that we made the right
decision to change the prop used. We
also filled in half of the crossword puzzle
to make it look more realistic.

7. Script
• The script for the preliminary was quite short as we wanted
to focus mainly on getting the camera techniques correct.
However, we included enough conversation to show that
we understand the 180 degree rule and match on action.
Below is the script for the preliminary task.
Ali “Hi Lydia!”
Lydia “Oh thank god you‟re here, can you help me with my crossword?”
Ali “What is it?”
Lydia “Starts with a „B‟ 5 letters, the clue‟s emblem”
Ali “Ooh! It‟s badge!”
Lydia “Thanks!” [Writes it in]

8. Camera Experiments
• During the preliminary task, there were set criteria by which we had
to follow. This limited how experimental we could be with the
cameras. We did, however, use a tracking dolly for the first time as
it meant we could track Ali and pan more steadily. Without the use
of the tracking dolly, the tracking shots of Ali at the start looked as if
we were trying to use the hand-held camera effect which was not
fitting with our storyline. Therefore, I believe experimenting with
the tracking dolly was a good idea. However, it should be used with
caution as on laminate or tiled flooring it is very noisy and it
requires quite a lot of space to use effectively.
• We also learnt that if you pan too quickly, the camera can looked
blurred as it goes out of focus. This is something we will make sure
we avoid in the main task in order to achieve a professional quality
to our production.

9. Lighting Issues
Gold side
• On the day of filming a bulb blew in the ceiling
lamp right above where myself and Ali were
going to be sitting. We ensured that we fixed
this by replacing the bulb before we filmed.
• Furthermore, we filmed at around 4 o’clock
which was when it began to get dark so we used
a lamp to lighten the faces and the setting that
appeared in the frame. We also tried using a
photographers reflector. It gave the film a
homely feel as the gold side complimented the
actors skin. Silver side
• However, we decided not to use the
photographers reflector as it was very difficult to
make sure that it didn’t appear in the corners of
the frame. Also, it was hard to hold the reflector
still enough so that the light reflector gave a
steady glow on the face of the actors.

10. Health and Safety
• The health and safety issues we had to cover whilst filming for the
preliminary task were minimal as we were shooting in my home with no
obvious dangers.
• I had to tape down wires on the floor so they weren’t an obstruction when
walking around so people didn’t trip over.

11. Final Preliminary Task
Here is the link to our finished preliminary task
in which I edited.

12. Podcast
• After filming the preliminary task, we decided to
create a short podcast in order to discuss how we
thought the filming went. We briefly discuss the
techniques we used and the things we had to take
into consideration whilst filming.
• Here is a link to the podcast on YouTube.

13. Audience Research
• We conducted a questionnaire in order to help us find out the
wants and needs of our audience so that we could take these
into consideration when producing our main task which was a
teen-thriller.
Question 1 – what age bracket Question 2 – what is your
do you fit into? favourite sub-genre of a thriller?
Knowing the ages of our The answers to this question will
audience means that we can greatly shape our plot further to
accurately define and target a incorporate whichever shows as
specific social or age group the most popular.
7 out of 10 were 15-19 6 out of 10 said psychological
3 out of 10 were 20-23 4 out of 10 said horror

14. Questionnaire Results 2
Question 4 – do you enjoy
Question 3 – does the title of a film seeing similar themes and
influence you to see it? plotlines in films?
This shows us what to call our film It’s important to understand if
when we have produced it. the audience enjoy seeing
certain genre conventions
5 out of 10 felt that the title does repeated in different films.
influence them.
7 out of 10 said they want to
see new themes and plots.
From our questionnaire, we were able to make conclusions
that led us to creating a certain type of opening sequence.
Therefore, we then chose to analyse two opening sequences
in order to better understand their conventions.

15. Opening Analysis of I Know Who Killed Me
(Unfortunately the link to this opening sequence has since been removed from Youtube.com)
• 00.01 The film creates mystery from the start with dark water rippling . The reflection of the neon lights are in the shape of
a woman, however, it is not clear at first that this is being portrayed.
• 00.15 As the water becomes still, there is a high angle shot pointing straight at the lights.
• 00.18 A males voice starts singing which creates an eerie feel as the bell chimes to signify each passing second.
• 00.23 Close up of the lower legs of the neon woman flashing
• 00.25 Cut to the hand of the woman flashing too
• 00.31 Fades to black and shows the name of the lead actor with the colour red signifying danger and blood.
• 00.38 Curtains are opened dramatically to reveal a female with warm lights behind her.
• 00.44 Music gets louder and can see the females face as the title of the film appears.
• 00.51 Camera dips in and out of blurriness (rack focus) and the woman walks up to a platform.
• 01.00 Standing girl is dressed in a red outfit and red lighting – convention of a horror/thriller as signifies danger.
• 01.04 Slow motion as she walks around an illuminated gold pole.
• 01.13 Bright red and orange lighting shows the dark silhouette of the lady which adds to the sense of mystery.
00.15 00.44 01.00 01.14

16. Opening Analysis of I Know Who Killed Me
Part 2
• 01.27 The inverted coloured shot of the same shot flashes up. This makes the audience aware that there is
more to the plot than meets the eye.
• 01.28 The pole dancer seductively slide down with her back against the pole. It cuts to a long shot at 1.34
and flashes to inverted colours again
• 01.44 We see a point of view shot looking at her audience with direct eye contact with another bald man
whilst also receiving a glare from a woman sitting very unladylike with her leg up on a table.
• 02.27 She tilts her head back which leaves us watching her throat which makes her appear vulnerable,
foreshadowing the rest of the movie. At the same time as this the music dies down and a new slower
brassier sound plays.
• 02.29 Her hand is shown with her red glove on with a dark thick liquid on – blood presumably. Her hand
glides down the pole till it’s out of shot and we see the liquid continue to drip down
01.27 01.28 02.27

17. Opening Analysis of Sorority Row
• 00.20 Graphic match from Summit Entertainment logo with the trees which blends the movie into reality.
This makes it more real for the audience
• 00.26 Quiet sounds, sound of crickets heightens senses. Sense of climax as music gets louder as the
camera gets closer to the house.
• 00.34 There is a smashing sound followed by a scream and movement in an upstairs room which breaks
the quiet – grabs the attention of the audience. The light on in the house makes the audience want to
know what is happening inside.
• 00.40 Camera zoom gets quicker – building the suspense.
• 00.50 Still the same shot, it becomes apparent that there is a party going on inside.
• Within the first minute of the film, the audience is already aware of the setting, the genre and the title
of the film. Even during the opening sequences, the audience is taken on a rollercoaster of emotions as
they have been startled by the screams and the smashing sounds and then their feelings pick up as they
are brought into the party. The camera almost acts for the audience in that they feel like they are in the
party and everything that is in the frame is what they are seeing as they walk through.
00.20 00.34 00.50

18. Conclusion of Opening Sequence Analysis
Both of the films we chose to analyse were teen psychological thrillers
yet they both had aspects of the horror genre. I chose this as we
decided this was the genre that we had chosen for our main task.
Originally, we were going with the plot of girl going missing which is
why we chose to look at these two opening sequences. However, as
our ideas matured, we decided that we wanted to use something
normal that all teenagers are familiar with and turn it into a horrible
scary thing. This is where the idea of using Facebook as a killing
device came from. This is a current, contemporary theme which
responded to our audience feedback as many people said that they
are sick of seeing the same themes and plotlines being recycled again
and again.
After analysing these film openings, we decided that our production
must contain a production logo, subtitled names throughout,
conventions and props that lead the audience to certain feelings and
thoughts and it should start quite calmly and then the story will start
to unravel.

19. Typography
• We decided to look at the fonts that have been used in existing films in the same/similar
genres as this would give us an indication of how best to use writing in our production. Below
are 2 films that we decided to look at. These both have similarities in that the text is very
plain.
The font used here stand out as the colour
red contrasts with the dark black
This font is nearly exactly the same. This also stands
background. The font is simple capital letters
out against the background despite the fact the
which draws attention to itself. I think we
colouring is different.
should ensure that the colouring of our
production logo stands out against the
colour of the background.

20. Brainstorm of Initial Ideas
• In order to come up with a plot for our main task, myself and Anna brainstormed
together different locations and genres and our ideas spread from the brainstorm.
Here is a copy of the brainstorm we created.

21. Production Logo
• Based on the typography we analysed, we decided to create a very simple
production logo in a colour that contrasted the background. Therefore, we choose
white writing on a black background as this draws attention to itself.
• We chose not to use all capital letters for the whole logo as it contains the initials
‘AL’ and we wanted them to be read as initial rather than a word ‘al’.
• We also chose to reduce the spacing between the letters as it gave the logo a
unique yet professional feel. It also created a sense of unknown as to what genre
the film would be which I felt was effective in creating the mysterious feeling that
one should experience throughout a thriller.
• Below is a screenshot of the final production logo.

22. Storyboard for the Main Task
• Together we
created a
rough
storyboard
of how we
were going
to shoot our
main task.

24. Shooting Schedule
• We aimed to shoot all of the main task in one in order to avoid continuity errors with actor’s
appearance, lighting and the positioning of props. This meant that we chose to do the filming when
it was already dark so that the changing of the outside lighting couldn’t affect the quality of the
filming.
• Due to this decision, we create a schedule in order to complete all the filming in one sitting. We
chose to film the main task in chronological order as this meant that it would be very difficult to
accidently miss out sections of the filming. We could also control the continuity of our film as props
wouldn’t be moved around when shooting different scenes when they weren’t needed.
Schedule
15 mins – practise run through
10 mins - outside filming
10 mins – match on action on door
15 mins – taking off jacket and pouring a drink
20 mins – film sequence to the computer
10 mins – footage of computer from different angles
10 mins – filming from inside the cupboard
30 mins – apply ketchup to face and create a contrazoom shot.

25. Location, Props and Costume
We used my house to film the main task.
This was because we wanted believed that Anna was dressed in very normal
a house would be a typical environment clothes as we were trying to give the
where someone would be using Facebook. impression that the character in the
It also makes it easier to film we weren’t opening sequence was just like an
limited by time or access to the rooms or other ordinary teenager. This meant
props. This also meant that the lighting that Anna had the freedom to
naturally had a homely feel to it so we choose any outfit she wanted.
didn’t have to artificially create home style
lighting.
When filming, we used a laptop as a prop in order to access
Facebook. We also used a glass of Ribena as the colour of the
squash signifies the danger that is about to happen in the film. We
also used a set of keys so that the actor could enter the house.
This suggests to the audience that the character has returned
home which is normally considered to be a safe environment. I
chose to film the last part of our opening sequence from inside my
cupboard. The doors acted as a prop as they framed Anna on her
computer and highlighted the fact that there was
someone/something lurking in the cupboard.

26. Risk Assessment
• Because we were filming in my house, the risks that we were
exposed to were moderately low. When filming, I made sure
that any wires (e.g. laptop charger) were tucked away or stuck
to the floor so that there was a reduced risk of tripping.
• I also ensured that there was nothing on the floor so when I
had to run with the camera at the end, I was less likely to fall
over .
• We also made sure that the room we filmed in was big
enough that we could move around without hitting into things
as some of the shots we used required a bit of space to move
around in.

27. Final Main Task
Here is the link to our finished main task in
which I filmed.

28. Evaluation Videos
• In what ways does your media product use, develop or challenge form and
conventions of real media products?
• How does your media product represent particular social groups?
• What kind of media institution might distribute your media product and why?
• Who would be the audience for your media product?
• How did you attract/address your audience?
• What have you learnt about technologies from the process of constructing this
product?
• Looking back at your preliminary task, what do you feel you have learnt in the
progression from it to the full product?

29. Bibliography
Where was it used? Link Picture
http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?q=imovie&hl=en&biw=136
Using iMovie to Edit 6&bih=643&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=9YIKuvx3Sb1L8M:&imgr
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software.burnworld.com/l/1/iMovie&docid=UucFTszBuGgiA
M&imgurl=http://compare-video-editing-
software.burnworld.com/sites/default/files/727/media/imag
es/iMovie_2.jpg&w=600&h=396&ei=pzZ2T56ZJtGS8gOd2PSX
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Camera Experiments http://www.clker.com/clipa
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aG_BM:&imgrefurl=http://www.movienewz.com/sorority-
row-dvd-and-blu-
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30. Bibliography
Where was it used? Link Picture
http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?q=180+degree+rule&um=1
180 Degree Rule &hl=en&sa=N&biw=1366&bih=643&tbm=isch&tbnid=hr3suQ
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