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第八章 教育测量结果的整理和分析
一、教育测量数据的特点 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
第二节 教育测量分数的初步整理 ,[object Object],[object Object],表 6.1  统计表的基本格式 表序和表题 资料来源:胡中锋,李方编著 . 教育测量与评价 . 广东高等教育出版社, 1999.197. 表注 横标目的总 标目 (亦可空白) 纵标目 (一般设谓语) 横标目 (一般设主语) 数字
二、分数整理的方法 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
二、分数整理的方法 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
36 名学生的测验分数的等级排列表 成绩 排名 成绩 排名 成绩 排名 成绩 排名 92 1 76 11 71 19.5 65 28 88 2 76 11 71 19.5 64 29 86 3 76 11 70 21 63 30 84 4 74 14 68 22.5 62 31 83 5 74 14 68 22.5 55 32 81 6 74 14 67 24.5 49 33 79 7 73 16 67 24.5 47 34 78 8 72 17.5 66 26.5 42 35 77 9 72 17.5 66 26.5 41 36
(三)编制频数分布表 ,[object Object],[object Object]
1 、频数分布及其种类                                                                                                                                                                                       ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2 、编制频数分布表的基本步骤 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
表 6.3   36 名学生考试分数的频数分布表 分组 组中值 划计  频数 累计频数 累计频率 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75- 80- 85- 90- 42.5 47.5 52.5 57.5 62.5 67.5 72.5 77.5 82.5 87.5 92.5 2 2 0 1 3 7 9 6 3 2 1 2 4 4 5 8 15 24 30 33 35 36 0.05 0.11 0.11 0.14 0.22 0.42 0.67 0.83 0.93 0.97 1 合计 36
( 四 ) 画频数分布曲线图 ,[object Object],[object Object]
( 五 ) 分析频数曲线图 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
( 六 ) 描述分数分布特征的各种统 计量 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
( 六 ) 描述分数分布特征的各种统 计量 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],X 1 、  X 2 、…   x K  表示第一组到第 K 组的组中值 f 1 、  f 2 、…  f K   表示第一组到第 K 组的频数
表 6.3   36 名学生数学考试分数的频数分布表 分组 组中值 x 频数 f fx 利用分式计算算术平均数 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75- 80- 85- 90- 42.5 47.5 52.5 57.5 62.5 67.5 72.5 77.5 82.5 87.5 92.5 2 2 0 1 3 7 9 6 3 2 1 85 95 0 57.5 187.5 472.5 652.5 465.0 247.5 175.0 92.5 合计 36 2530
( 六 ) 描述分数分布特征的各种统 计量 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
第三节 教育测量分数的转换 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
一、标准分数( Z 分数) ,[object Object]
一、标准分数( Z 分数) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
一、标准分数( Z 分数) 例 1 :求 A 、 B 两名学生三次考试的标准分数。 成   类别 次  数  绩 M S X A  B X-M A  B Z A  B 1 70 8 70 90 0 +20 0 2.5 2 55 4 57 51 +2 -4 0.5 -1 3 42 5 47 40 +5 -2 1.0 -0.4 ∑ 174 181 1.5 1.1
二、标准分数的进一步转换 成  类别 次数  绩 M S X X-M Z T A B A B A B A B 1 70 8 70 90 0 +20 0 2.5 50 75 2 55 4 57 51 +2 -4 0.5 -1 55 40 3 42 5 47 40 +5 -2 1.0 -0.4 60 46 ∑ 174 181 1.5 1.1 165 161
二、标准分数的进一步转换 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
三、百分等级分数 ,[object Object],[object Object]
(二)百分等级分数 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
三、百分等级分数 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
三、标准差的计算 (一)原始数据计算法: 人数 组别 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 M S A 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 80 ( 10 ) B 50 50 80 90 90 100 100 80 ( 20 )
(二)频数分布表计算法 其中, X 表示各组组中值, f 表示各级频数
表 6.3   36 名学生数学考试分数的频数分布表 分组 组中值 x 频数 f fx fx 2 利用分式计算 算术平均数 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75- 80- 85- 90- 42.5 47.5 52.5 57.5 62.5 67.5 72.5 77.5 82.5 87.5 92.5 2 2 0 1 3 7 9 6 3 2 1 85 95 0 57.5 187.5 472.5 652.5 465.0 247.5 175.0 92.5 合计 36 2530
第四节 教育测量结果的组合 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
区分度的评价标准 0.40 以上  非常好 0.30 ~ 0.39  良好,如能改进更好 0.20 ~ 0.29  尚可,用时需要改进 0.19 以下  劣,必须淘汰或改进后才可使用 ,[object Object],难度 1.00 0.90 0.70 0.50 0.30 0.10 0.00 区分度最大值 0.00 0.20 0.60 1.00 0.60 0.20 0.00
区分度: 0.0952  难度: 0.1429  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
区分度: 0.0000  难度: 0.9870  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
区分度: -0.0952  难度: 0.3377  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
区分度: -0.0952  难度: 0.1688  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
区分度: 0.0952  难度: 0.0260  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
区分度: 0.5238  难度: 0.5195  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
区分度: 0.5714  难度: 0.5844  ,[object Object],[object Object]

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测量与评价 Chp8

  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. 36 名学生的测验分数的等级排列表 成绩 排名 成绩 排名 成绩 排名 成绩 排名 92 1 76 11 71 19.5 65 28 88 2 76 11 71 19.5 64 29 86 3 76 11 70 21 63 30 84 4 74 14 68 22.5 62 31 83 5 74 14 68 22.5 55 32 81 6 74 14 67 24.5 49 33 79 7 73 16 67 24.5 47 34 78 8 72 17.5 66 26.5 42 35 77 9 72 17.5 66 26.5 41 36
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. 表 6.3   36 名学生考试分数的频数分布表 分组 组中值 划计  频数 累计频数 累计频率 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75- 80- 85- 90- 42.5 47.5 52.5 57.5 62.5 67.5 72.5 77.5 82.5 87.5 92.5 2 2 0 1 3 7 9 6 3 2 1 2 4 4 5 8 15 24 30 33 35 36 0.05 0.11 0.11 0.14 0.22 0.42 0.67 0.83 0.93 0.97 1 合计 36
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15. 表 6.3   36 名学生数学考试分数的频数分布表 分组 组中值 x 频数 f fx 利用分式计算算术平均数 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75- 80- 85- 90- 42.5 47.5 52.5 57.5 62.5 67.5 72.5 77.5 82.5 87.5 92.5 2 2 0 1 3 7 9 6 3 2 1 85 95 0 57.5 187.5 472.5 652.5 465.0 247.5 175.0 92.5 合计 36 2530
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21. 一、标准分数( Z 分数) 例 1 :求 A 、 B 两名学生三次考试的标准分数。 成 类别 次 数 绩 M S X A B X-M A B Z A B 1 70 8 70 90 0 +20 0 2.5 2 55 4 57 51 +2 -4 0.5 -1 3 42 5 47 40 +5 -2 1.0 -0.4 ∑ 174 181 1.5 1.1
  • 22. 二、标准分数的进一步转换 成 类别 次数 绩 M S X X-M Z T A B A B A B A B 1 70 8 70 90 0 +20 0 2.5 50 75 2 55 4 57 51 +2 -4 0.5 -1 55 40 3 42 5 47 40 +5 -2 1.0 -0.4 60 46 ∑ 174 181 1.5 1.1 165 161
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27. 三、标准差的计算 (一)原始数据计算法: 人数 组别 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 M S A 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 80 ( 10 ) B 50 50 80 90 90 100 100 80 ( 20 )
  • 28. (二)频数分布表计算法 其中, X 表示各组组中值, f 表示各级频数
  • 29. 表 6.3   36 名学生数学考试分数的频数分布表 分组 组中值 x 频数 f fx fx 2 利用分式计算 算术平均数 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- 75- 80- 85- 90- 42.5 47.5 52.5 57.5 62.5 67.5 72.5 77.5 82.5 87.5 92.5 2 2 0 1 3 7 9 6 3 2 1 85 95 0 57.5 187.5 472.5 652.5 465.0 247.5 175.0 92.5 合计 36 2530
  • 30.
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  • 38.

Editor's Notes

  1. 在考生人数不太多的情况下,全距接近或超过满分分数的1/2,而标准差约为全距的1/5~1/4时,分数的离散程度比较合理。如果全距和标准差都很小,则表明考生水平相近,既没有拔尖的,也没有太差的,或表明这份试卷未能测量出考生在学业水平上实际存在的差距
  2. 不同的考试由于难度不同,分数的单位固然不同,就连同一份试卷中的不同试题的分数单位也是不等值,甚至可以说是无定值的。