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UNIT 4
THE FORMATION AND EXPANSION
 OF THE PENINSULAR KINGDOMS
INTRODUCCION

• In the 8 century, the
        th

  majority of the Iberian
  peninsula was occupied by
  Muslims, who had created
  the kingdom of al-Andalus.
AL-ANDALUS IN THE 8 CENTURY
                 TH
• But in the Cordillera
  Cantábrica a small group of
  Christians survived the
  Muslim conquests and
  established the kingdom of
  Asturias
KINGDOM OF ASTURIAS YEAR 800
• In the Pyrenees, the group
  of counties known as the
  Marca Hispánica gained
  independence from the
  Franks.
MARCA HISPÁNICA
RECONQUEST
• The capturing of lost territory
  through military force. The
  Reconquista of the Peninsula by
  Christians kings lasted from the
  8 century to the 15 century.
   th                  th
THE CANTABRIAN KINGDOMS
The Kingdom of Asturias
• During the Muslim conquest, some Christians
  Visigoth nobles took refuge in the Cordillera
  Cantábrica.
• Among these nobles was Pelayo (Pelagius). He
  defeated the Muslims for the first time in722
  in Covadonga (Asturias).
• This battle is believed to be the beginning of
  the Reconquista.
DON PELAYO
SUCCESORS OF PELAYO
             They created the kingdom of Asturias
ALFONSO I                                     ALFONSO II
KINGDOM OF ASTURIAS
• With Alfonso I ((693-757)
• With Alfonso II (760–842)
The capital of kingdom of Asturias was
                 Oviedo
• Santa María del Naranco
  was built in the 9 century
                    th

  as a royal palace for the
  Asturian kings in Oviedo
SANTA MARÍA DEL NARANCO
The kingdom of León

• With Alfonso III the kingdom
  of Asturias extended until the
  river Duero. The kingdom of
  Asturias was renamed as
  kingdom of Leon in 854.
Kingdom of León
ALFONSO III

      • Alfonso III built a
        defensive line of
        castles in the west of
        the kingdom of Leon
        as protection from
        the Muslim army.
        This territory was
        named Castile
The kingdom of Castile
• In the 10th century, Castile was
  governed by counts under the
  control of the king of Leon. One of
  these counts, Fernan Gonzalez,
  gained independence from the
  kingdom of Leon.
Kingdom of Castile
THE PYRENEAN COUNTIES AND
           KINGDOMS
• The creation of the Marca
  Hispánica
• The kingdom of Pamplona
• The kingdom of Aragón
• The Catalan counties
The Marca Hispanica
• Was created by Charlemagne as a
  defensive zone divided into counties
  to protect his territory from the
  Muslims
• When Charlemagne died, many of
  these counties became kingdoms
  and independent counties from the
  Frankish imperial rule.
The Marca Hispánica
The Pyrenean counties and kingdoms
The kingdom of Pamplona
• The count of Pamplona, Iñigo Arista, gained
  control of his territory from the Franks and
  created the kingdom of Pamplona in 830.
• Experienced its greatest expansion under
  Sancho III el Grande. He united the kingdom
  of Pamplona (later kingdom of Navarre), and
  the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon. This
  territory was divided among his sons when hi
  died.
QUIZ
A) What was the Marca Hispánica?
B) When was the kingdom of Pamplona
  created?
ANSWERS
A) The Marca Hispánica was a zone created by
   Charlemagne to defend his territory from the
   Muslim army
B) The kingdom of Pamplona was created in 830
The kingdom of Aragon
• In the 9th century, some Aragonese counties in
  the Marca Hispánica (Aragón, Sobrarbe and
  Ribagorza) freed themselves from Frankish
  rule. Ramiro I, the son of Sancho III,
  proclaimed himself king of Aragon
RAMIRO I KING OF ARAGÓN
The Catalan Counties
• In the 9th century, Wilfred the Hairy
  (Wifredo el Velloso), count of Barcelona,
  extended his rule to include others
  Catalan counties. In 987, another count
  of Barcelona, Borrell II, gained
  independence of the Franks. He then left
  his territories to his sons.
WILFRED THE HAYRY
BORRELL II
QUICK REVISION
• Charlemagne created The Marca
  Hispánica to defend his territory
  from Muslim armies.
• The Marca Hispánica was divided
  into counties that eventually gained
  independence from Frankish rule
QUIZ
• Who was the first king of the kingdom of
  Aragón?
• Ramiro I
• When did the Catalan counties gained
  independence?
• In 987
ACTIVITIES
• Page 57, 6 and 7
ANSWERS
6. Pamplona: Sancho III
  Aragón: Ramiro I
  Catalan counties: Borrell II
7. The Marca Hispánica was a defensive zone
  created by Charlemagne to protect his
  Pyrenees territories
The resettlement (repoblación)
• It is the process of occupation of territory
  after the Christians kings conquered it from
  the Muslims.
• Once conquered, the territory became
  property of the King.
• Then,
The territory could be given to free peasants.
The territory could be given to nobles
The territory could be given to
               monasteries
Monasterio de Santo Toribio de   Monasterio de San Miguel de la
Liébana de Potes                 Escalada
The king awarded privileges to the
            settlers.
The privileges were:
• Trade permits           These privileges were
• Personal freedom        detailed in a document.
• Exemptions from taxes
                          This document is called the
                          settlement letter (carta
                          puebla o carta de
                          poblamiento)
SETTLEMENT LETTERS
                              CARTA PUEBLA DE AZUEBAR
CARTA PUEBLA DE CIUDAD REAL   (Valencia)
P. 59
                ACTIVITIES
A) What was resettlement?
B) What was a settlement letter?
A) Resettlement was the process of Christian
  occupation of territory taken from Muslims.
B) Settlement letters were documents detailing
  the privileges awarded by kings to settlers.

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Unit 4

  • 1. UNIT 4 THE FORMATION AND EXPANSION OF THE PENINSULAR KINGDOMS
  • 2. INTRODUCCION • In the 8 century, the th majority of the Iberian peninsula was occupied by Muslims, who had created the kingdom of al-Andalus.
  • 3. AL-ANDALUS IN THE 8 CENTURY TH
  • 4. • But in the Cordillera Cantábrica a small group of Christians survived the Muslim conquests and established the kingdom of Asturias
  • 6. • In the Pyrenees, the group of counties known as the Marca Hispánica gained independence from the Franks.
  • 8. RECONQUEST • The capturing of lost territory through military force. The Reconquista of the Peninsula by Christians kings lasted from the 8 century to the 15 century. th th
  • 10. The Kingdom of Asturias • During the Muslim conquest, some Christians Visigoth nobles took refuge in the Cordillera Cantábrica. • Among these nobles was Pelayo (Pelagius). He defeated the Muslims for the first time in722 in Covadonga (Asturias). • This battle is believed to be the beginning of the Reconquista.
  • 12. SUCCESORS OF PELAYO They created the kingdom of Asturias ALFONSO I ALFONSO II
  • 13. KINGDOM OF ASTURIAS • With Alfonso I ((693-757)
  • 14. • With Alfonso II (760–842)
  • 15. The capital of kingdom of Asturias was Oviedo • Santa María del Naranco was built in the 9 century th as a royal palace for the Asturian kings in Oviedo
  • 16. SANTA MARÍA DEL NARANCO
  • 17. The kingdom of León • With Alfonso III the kingdom of Asturias extended until the river Duero. The kingdom of Asturias was renamed as kingdom of Leon in 854.
  • 19. ALFONSO III • Alfonso III built a defensive line of castles in the west of the kingdom of Leon as protection from the Muslim army. This territory was named Castile
  • 20. The kingdom of Castile • In the 10th century, Castile was governed by counts under the control of the king of Leon. One of these counts, Fernan Gonzalez, gained independence from the kingdom of Leon.
  • 22. THE PYRENEAN COUNTIES AND KINGDOMS • The creation of the Marca Hispánica • The kingdom of Pamplona • The kingdom of Aragón • The Catalan counties
  • 23. The Marca Hispanica • Was created by Charlemagne as a defensive zone divided into counties to protect his territory from the Muslims • When Charlemagne died, many of these counties became kingdoms and independent counties from the Frankish imperial rule.
  • 25. The Pyrenean counties and kingdoms
  • 26. The kingdom of Pamplona • The count of Pamplona, Iñigo Arista, gained control of his territory from the Franks and created the kingdom of Pamplona in 830. • Experienced its greatest expansion under Sancho III el Grande. He united the kingdom of Pamplona (later kingdom of Navarre), and the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon. This territory was divided among his sons when hi died.
  • 27. QUIZ A) What was the Marca Hispánica? B) When was the kingdom of Pamplona created?
  • 28. ANSWERS A) The Marca Hispánica was a zone created by Charlemagne to defend his territory from the Muslim army B) The kingdom of Pamplona was created in 830
  • 29. The kingdom of Aragon • In the 9th century, some Aragonese counties in the Marca Hispánica (Aragón, Sobrarbe and Ribagorza) freed themselves from Frankish rule. Ramiro I, the son of Sancho III, proclaimed himself king of Aragon
  • 30. RAMIRO I KING OF ARAGÓN
  • 31. The Catalan Counties • In the 9th century, Wilfred the Hairy (Wifredo el Velloso), count of Barcelona, extended his rule to include others Catalan counties. In 987, another count of Barcelona, Borrell II, gained independence of the Franks. He then left his territories to his sons.
  • 34. QUICK REVISION • Charlemagne created The Marca Hispánica to defend his territory from Muslim armies. • The Marca Hispánica was divided into counties that eventually gained independence from Frankish rule
  • 35. QUIZ • Who was the first king of the kingdom of Aragón?
  • 37. • When did the Catalan counties gained independence?
  • 40. ANSWERS 6. Pamplona: Sancho III Aragón: Ramiro I Catalan counties: Borrell II 7. The Marca Hispánica was a defensive zone created by Charlemagne to protect his Pyrenees territories
  • 41. The resettlement (repoblación) • It is the process of occupation of territory after the Christians kings conquered it from the Muslims. • Once conquered, the territory became property of the King. • Then,
  • 42. The territory could be given to free peasants.
  • 43. The territory could be given to nobles
  • 44. The territory could be given to monasteries Monasterio de Santo Toribio de Monasterio de San Miguel de la Liébana de Potes Escalada
  • 45. The king awarded privileges to the settlers. The privileges were: • Trade permits These privileges were • Personal freedom detailed in a document. • Exemptions from taxes This document is called the settlement letter (carta puebla o carta de poblamiento)
  • 46. SETTLEMENT LETTERS CARTA PUEBLA DE AZUEBAR CARTA PUEBLA DE CIUDAD REAL (Valencia)
  • 47. P. 59 ACTIVITIES A) What was resettlement? B) What was a settlement letter?
  • 48. A) Resettlement was the process of Christian occupation of territory taken from Muslims. B) Settlement letters were documents detailing the privileges awarded by kings to settlers.