2. (i) Air temperature
(ii) Air pressure
(iii) Wind Velocity
(iv) Humidity
(v) Precipitation (rain, snow hail etc.)
(vi) Clouds
(viii) Solar radiation

3. (i) Air temperature
Thermometer
 thermometers measure the air temperature via the
expansion or contraction of a liquid or a metal as the air
temperature changes. Some thermometers contain
red-colored alcohol, others contain mercury, while still
others have a bimetal coil attached to a gauge.
Thermographs
 An instrument that records
temperature on graphing paper.

4.  Barometer
Types of barometer:
o Mercury barometer----Barometers measure
the air pressure, which is sometimes referred to as
barometric pressure. The pressure of the air on the
pool of mercury in the barometer causes the
mercury to rise in a tube. We measure the height
of mercury in the tube in inches.
 Aneroid barometers--- which don't contain mercury but
have a small box inside instead. The air pressure on this
box causes it to change shape, moving a needle on a
gauge that indicates the air pressure. Normal air
pressure readings vary from 28 to 31.
 Barograph
a recording barometer.

5. Wind Vane Indicates wind direction.
Anemometer measures wind speed.
Made of propeller cups
which are rotated by the
wind’s motion.
aerovane Indicates both the wind
direction and speed or
simply the ―wind velocity‖
Anemographs Records the variations of
the wind velocity.

6.  Psychometer—measures humidity
consists of dry and wet-bulb
thermometer
 Hair Hygrometer—uses human hair
 Hydrothermograph—records relative
humidity and temperatureon a graphing
paper.

7.  Rain Gauge– a galvanized iron cylinder
which is 20 cm in diameter.
A rain gauge is a weather tool used to
collect rain.
 Using measurements on the side of the
rain gauge, you can see how many
inches it rained.

8.  Ceiling Light Projector-- uses
a searchlight to project
vertically a
narrow beam of light onto
a cloud base.

The height of the cloud base is
determined by using
a clinometer, located at a
known distance from the
ceiling light, to measure the
angle included by the
illuminated spot on the cloud,
the observer, and the ceiling
light.

9.  Pibal/Theodolite (Pilot Balloon
Theodolite)
 Satellite imagery

10.  Polar-Obtaining Satellites-- is an orbit in
which a satellite passes above or nearly
above both poles of the body being
orbited on each revolution.
 Geostationary Meteorological Satellite
(GMS)---- satellites hovering over the
same spot on the equator.
 Pilot Balloon-- A small balloon used to
determine wind velocity.
 Theodolite-- An optical instrument
consisting of a small mounted
telescope rotatable in horizontal and
vertical planes, used to measure angles
in surveying, meteorology, and
navigation.