Major ocean basins of the world and their physio-chemical characteristics

1. Major basins

2. Major basins 4 2 1 3 5

5. centered on the north pole

6. shallow and land-locked

7. covered by sea ice

9. continuous ring of water around Antarctica

10. coldest of all oceans (near freezing)

11. extensive winter sea ice coverage

13. Largest, smallest, deepest, saltiest Pacific Ocean = 1/3 globe (18 x US) 1/2 world ocean The Arctic Ocean is the smallest (area = 9,485,000 sq km, or < 1/10 Pacific)

14. Top 10 Deepest Trenches 8 9 1 5 3 7 10 6 2 4 1 Mariana 2 Tonga 3 Philippine 4 Kermadec 5 Bonin 6 New Britain 7 Kuril 8 Izu 9 Puerto Rico 10 Yap Mariana Trench = 35,802 ft (10,912 m)

15. Puerto Rico Trench 8,400 m (5.2 miles)

16. Red Sea salinity ranges between 36 and 38 psu Highest Salinity Dead Sea salinity = 360 psu

17. Ocean basins

18. Ocean basins

19. Ocean basins To “sail the seven seas” (< 1400’s) = 1. Adriatic Sea 2. Black Sea 3. Caspian Sea 4. Mediterranean Sea 5. Red Sea 6. Persian Gulf 7. Indian Ocean

20. Ocean basin chemical signatures Salinity Temperature Density

21. Salinity Pacific Ocean

22. Salinity Atlantic/Indian Oceans

23. Meridional Salinity Atlantic

24. Annual Mean Surface Temperature Longitude

25. Annual Mean Temperature 1000 m Longitude

26. Density Pacific Ocean

27. Density Atlantic/Indian Oceans