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KINERJA FLOKULAN STARCH-GRAFTPOLYACRYLAMIDE (ST-G-PAM) TERHIDROLISIS
DALAM PENGHILANGAN WARNA PADA LIMBAH CAIR

Gilang Agung Prabowo, ST

JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA
FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
SURABAYA
2013
LATAR BELAKANG
Flokulasi

Limbah
Berwarna

Lingkungan
Jenis Flokulan
Anorganik

•Polyaluminium Chloride
•Aluminium Sulfat
•Tawas

Flokulan
Alami

Polisakarida
(starch)

Sintetik

•Polyacrylamide
•Polyacrilic acid

Organik
Flokulan Starch-graft-Polyacrylamide

STARCH

POLYACRYLAMIDE

Biodegradable,
shear stable,
murah,
flokulasi rendah

non- biodegradable,
non-shear stable,
mahal,
flokulasi tinggi

STARCH-GRAFTPOLYACRYLAMIDE

Biodegradable,
shear stable,
flokulasi tinggi
Starch-graftPolyacrylamide
Hidrolisis
Starch-graftPolyacrylamide
terhidrolisis

Memiliki gugus amida (CONH2)
Substitusi gugus amida
(-CONH2) menjadi gugus
karboksilat (-COO-)

Memiliki rantai polimer
yang lebih panjang.
Sehingga mekanisme
bridging mudah terjadi.

Flokulan yang efektif dalam pengolahan limbah cair berwarna
METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

Persiapan Alat dan bahan
Sintesa Starch-graftPolyacrylamide
Hidrolisis Starch-graftPolyacrylamide
Dye Removal Test
Graft
Backbone
Inisiator
Purger
Pelarut
Presipitan
Penghidrolisa

Terminator
Dyes

: Acrylamide
: Starch
: K2S2O8 ,TMEDA
: Gas nitrogen
: Aquadest
: Acetone
: NaOH
: Hydroquinone
: Reactive Red M8B
Peralatan Sintesis St-g-PAM
9

8

10

N2
6
7
TIC

5

3

2
4

1

Keterangan :
1. Reaktor
Polimerisasi
2. Pengaduk
3. Water bath
thermostat
4. Tabung N2
5. N2 Inlet
6. Gas Outlet
7. Perangkat
Pengukuran
Suhu
8. Motor Pengaduk
9. Kondensor
10. Statif dan klem
holder
Sintesa Starch-g-Polyacrylamide

Sintesa non-Terminated
Polyacrylamide

Pembuatan Larutan
Starch

Coupling reaction Starch dengan nonterminated polyacrylamide

Starch-graft-Polyacrylamide

Hidrolisis
Starch-graft-Polyacrylamide terhidrolisis
Sintesa Starch-graftPolyacrylamide

Starch +
aquadest

Reaktor
Berpengaduk
Pemanasan 68ºC
Pendinginan

Non-terminated
Polyacrylamide

Coupling Reaction

Terminasi

Hydroquinone

Presipitasi

Acetone

Washing

Aquadest

Produk St-g-PAM
Sintesa Non terminated
Polyacrylamide

Acrylamide
+ aquades

Reaktor
Berpengaduk
Mengalirkan N2

K2S2O8 +
(CH3)4C2(NH2)

Inisiasi
Mengalirkan N2
Propagasi

Non-terminated
Polyacrylamide
HidrolisisvStarch-graftPolyacrylamide

Starch-g-PAM +
NaOH

Reaktor
Berpengaduk

Presipitasi

Produk St-g-PAM terhidrolisa

Uji viskositas,Uji pH, Uji FTIR dan Uji Dye removal

Acetone
Pembuatan nt-PAM
Konsentrasi monomer
Konsentrasi inisiator
Waktu sintesis
Suhu sintesis

= 0.84 M
= 0.27 M
= 1 jam
= 30 ° C

VARIABEL
TETAP
Pembuatan Larutan Starch

Konsentrasi starch = 0.0154 M
Suhu pemanasan
= 68 ° C
Suhu pendinginan = hingga suhu ruangan

Coupling reaksi
Waktu coupling reaksi
Suhu coupling
Konsentrasi terminator
Suhu terminasi
Waktu terminasi

= 1,5 jam
= 50 ° C
= 0,004087 M
= 30 ° C
= 30 menit

Konsentrasi dyes
Konsentrasi dyes = 50 mg/L

Hidrolisis St-g-PAM
Waktu Hidrolisis
Suhu Hidrolisis
Konsentrasi NaOH

: 1 jam
: 70 ° C
:1N
VARIABEL BERUBAH

Dosis Flokulan
0,3; 0,5; 0,7; 0,9; 1,1 ppm

pH
5, 7, 9, 11 dan 12
HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
Hasil Penelitian

100

Dye Removal (%)

80
60

St-g-PAM

40

St-g-PAM
Terhidrolisis

20
0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Konsentrasi (ppm)

Hasil uji dye removal pada kondisi pH 12
KESIMPULAN
flokulan St-g-PAM terhidrolisis memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik
dalam penghilangan warna dibandingkan St-g-PAM tanpa
hidrolisis. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan prosentase dye removal
yang lebih besar pada pewarna reactive red bila dibandingkan
dengan penggunaan flokulan St-g-PAM tanpa hidrolisis pada
berbagai kondisi pH.
TERIMA KASIH
HIDROLISIS STARCH-GRAFT-POLYACRYLAMIDE
Hasil Penelitian

Sampel

Viskositas Intrinsik
(dl/gram)

St-g-PAM (1)

4,3463

St-g-PAM (2)

7,4726

St-g-PAM (3)

7,7853

St-g-PAM (1) hidrolisis

30,616

St-g-PAM (2) hidrolisis

39,071

St-g-PAM (3) hidrolisis

26,863

Berat Molekul

Hasil uji viskositas St-g-PAM dan St-g-PAM Terhidrolisis
C-OH : 1450,32
C-O : 1042,95
C-H : 668,28

C=O : 1660,22
N-H : 3425,45
C-N : 1410,83

4000

3500

3000

2500
2000
Wavenumber cm-1

1500

1000

Hasil PAM FTIR dari Starch-graft-Polyacrylamide
Stg uji
Pellet

D:SAMPELPolimer ITSStg PAM.1

Page 1/1

668.28

1042.95

1450.32
1410.83

1560.63

1660.22

2360.37

3425.45

0

20

Transmittance [%]
40
60
80
100

120

140

Hasil Penelitian

500

14/01/2013
C-OH : 1450,92
C-O : 1026,50
C-H : 571,91

C=O : 1667,17
N-H : 3421,36
C-N : 1158,19

4000

3500

3000

2500
2000
Wavenumber cm-1

1500

1000

413.54

571.91

866.44

1026.50

1158.19

1450.92

1563.73

1667.17

2194.55

3421.36

0

20

Transmittance [%]
40
60
80
100

120

140

Hasil Penelitian

500

Hasil uji FTIR dari Starch-graft-Polyacrylamide Terhidrolisis
D:SAMPELPolimer ITSStg PAM hidrolisis 1.0

Stg PAM hidrolisis 1

Pellet

14/01/2013
3500

3000

2500

2000

1000

500

Wavenumber cm-1

Perbandingan hasil uji FTIR dari Starch-graft-Polyacrylamide dan
Starch-graft-Polyacrylamide Terhidrolisis

413.54

571.91

1026.50

1158.19

1450.92

1563.73

1500

866.44

4000

1667.17

3421.36

2194.55

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Hasil Penelitian
Hasil Penelitian

100

Dye Removal (%)

80

60

St-g-PAM

40

St-g-PAM
Terhidrolisis

20

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Konsentrasi (ppm)

Hasil uji dye removal pada kondisi pH 5

1.2
Hasil Penelitian
100

Dye Removal (%)

80

60

St-g-PAM
40

St-g-PAM
Terhidrolisis

20

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Konsentrasi (ppm)

Hasil uji dye removal pada kondisi pH 7
Hasil Penelitian
100

Dye Removal (%)

80

St-g-PAM

60

40

St-g-PAM
Terhidrolisis

20

0
0

0.2

0.4
0.6
Konsentrasi (ppm)

0.8

1

1.2

Hasil uji dye removal pada kondisi pH 9
Hasil Penelitian

100

Dye Removal (%)

80

60

St-g-PAM
40

St-g-PAM
Terhidrolisis

20

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Konsentrasi (ppm)

Hasil uji dye removal pada kondisi pH 11

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