1. Conventional Methods of Organizing and Retrieving Information LORD ALLEN M. HERNANDEZ LIS 26 Instructor , BLIS College of Education, Silliman University

2. Library Tools Early libraries concentrated on the physical arrangement of books on shelves in order. As the number of books increase, however, additional organization was necessary to make the content of the library collection more accessible. Development of subject classification schemes, the card catalog and other tools. Tools : Keystone of the structure for control of the library collection and are the basic finding aids.

3. Library Tools The Catalog Serves as the library’s main index to the printed contents of its collection by indicating what material the library holds and where it may be found. Forms : Card or Book

4. Library Tools Subject Heading System consists of the selection of words or phrases as main headings and the use of additional words and phrases as subdivisions. Subject Headings --> Alphabetical order Sub-divisions --> Alphabetical order

5. Library Tools CHEMISTRY Analytical Inorganic Organic Physical

6. Library Tools Drawback of the Subject Heading System User will not always agree with the indexer’s choice – the semantics of the heading may change with time, and the concepts underlying the indexer’s choice may themselves change.

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10. Can be referred to as “inventory catalog”

12. Library Tools The Classification Scheme Classification is designed to organize books on shelves in a manner most conducive to their use. Many books and ideas are related either by subject or by some accidental property of the things beings classified. Thus books can be separated by such characteristics as language, alphabet, form, or date.

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14. Library Tools Dewey Decimal Classification 1876 – Melvil Dewey The oldest of the modern bibliographical scheme. Has nine main classes with an additional one for General Works

15. Library Tools Individual classes are represented by decimal integers. Extensions, additions, and finer subdivisions are indicated by digits to the right of the decimal point.

16. Library Tools Library of Congress Classification Created by Library of Congress in the late 1890s Categories using letters instead of Arabic numerals Utilized the best features of existing subject classification plans ; Designed to satisfy the classification needs of the actual contents of the Library of Congress’ book collection rather than to meet a theoretical situation. Continuing development

17. Library Tools Library of Congress Classification Main Classes

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19. Library Tools Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) Developed by Paul Otlet and Henry La Fontaine Initial purpose: design a universal classification scheme for bibliography. Uses general principles of classification similar to Dewey’s but employs special symbols + / : + unite / subjects run in sequences : employ relationships

20. The Problems Content Analysis Impermanence – labeling of information at one point in time may later be imprecise and out of context. Continuous Revision Content of Books Long and confusing notation – makes communication difficult.

21. The Problems “Changing order of knowledge makes that static perfection of any classification scheme impossible.” - Kelley, Grace Osgood “The Classification of Books”- The need, the interest, the material – all will change with time. Any fixed classification scheme will be outdated