lopez kathreen 19th century timeline u.s. history new
1. 19th Century Timeline
1865-1895
Kathreen Lopez
U.S. History H
Mr. Buchanan
Period 3
March 17th, 2013
2. Several Southern states
Frederick Law Olmsted added the Grandfather
Spearheaded the Clause. The clause
movement for planned stated that even if a man
urban parks. In 1857, failed the literacy test
Olmsted, along with or could not afford the
English born architect poll tax, he was still
Calvert Vaux, helped draw entitled to vote if he, his
up a plan for father, or his grandfather
“Greensward,” which was had been eligible to vote
selected to become before January 1, 1867.
Central Park, in New York.
1848 1857 1866 1867
Karl Marx Buffalo Soldiers
In 1867, Oliver Hudson
German philosopher who Originally were Kelley started the Patrons
advocated communism. members of the U.S. of Husbandry, an
In 1848, he and Friedrich Calvary Regiment of organization for farmers that
Engels published The the United States became popularly known as
Communist Manifesto, Army, formed in the Grange.
which outlined the theory September 21, 1866
of class struggle. Which at Fort Leavenworth,
was later used by Eugene Kansas.
Debs and other labor
activists to solve problems
faced by workers.
3. In 1870, at age 21, Jacob
The 1st
Transcontinental Riis left his native Denmark
for the U.S. Riis found work
Railroad in the United
as a police reporter, a job
States was built in the
that took him into some of
1860s, linking the well
New York City's worst
developed railway
slums, where he was
Tammany Hall network of the Eastern
shocked at the conditions in
coast with the rapidly
New York City’s powerful the overcrowded. Airless,
growing California. The
Democratic political filthy tenements, Riis used
main line was officially
machine. Headed by William his talents to expose the
completed on May 10,
M. Tweed, better known as hardships of New York City's
1869.
Boss Tweed, in 1868. poor.
1868 1869 1870
Political Machine Between 1869 and 1871, John D. Gilded Age was during
Boss Tweed led the Tweed Rockefeller the 1870s and the
An organized group that 1880s where the U.S.
Ring, a group of corrupt established the
controlled the activities of a economy rose at the
politicians, in defrauding the Standard Oil
political party in a city, it also fastest rate in its history.
city. One scheme, the Company which took
offered services to voters During this time,
construction of the New a different approach
and businesses in exchange patronage became a
York County Courthouse, to merges with
for political or financial controversial issue.
involved extravagant gaft. trusts. In 1870,
support.
The project cost taxpayers Rockefeller's
$13 million, while the actual Standard Oil Social Darwinism,
construction cost was $3 Company of Ohio emerging in 1870s, a
million. The difference went processed 2 or 3% of philosophy that grew
into the pockets of Tweed the country's crude out of the English
and his followers. It was oil. In a decade it naturalist Charles
finally broken in 1871. would control 90% of Darwin's theory of
the refining business. biological evolution.
4. Jim Crow Laws are
racial segregation,
Andrew Carnegie left his separation of whites and
blacks, laws passed by
job at the Pennsylvania
Southern States. They
Railroad when he received
were put into affect in
dividends from buying stock.
Alexander Graham schools, hospitals, parks,
He then entered the steel
Bell invented the and transportation
business in 1873 and by
1899, the Carnegie Steel
telephone with systems throughout the
Thomas Watson in South.
Company manufactured
more steel than all the 1876. Opening the way
factories in Great Britain. to a worldwide
communication network.
1871 1873 1876
Chief Joseph assumed Battle of Little Big Horn,
his role as chief of the also called Custer's Last
Nez Perce. Best known Stand, was an engagement
for his resistance to the between the combined
U.S. Governments forces of the Lakota and
attempt to force his tribe Northern Cheyenne tribes
onto reservations. against the 7th Calvary of
the U.S. Army. The most
famous of all the Indian
Wars, the remarkable
victory for occurred over 2
days on June 25-26, 1876
near Little Bighorn River in
eastern Montana Territory.
5. George Pullman, in 1880,
Thomas Alva Edison, built a factory for
in 1876 became a pioneer manufacturing sleepers and
of the new industrial other railroad cars on the
frontier in Menlo Park, Illinois prairie. Pullman
Nez Perce
New Jersey. There he residents lived in clean,
were forced
perfected the well-constructed brick
out of their
incandescent light bulb- houses and apartment
tribal lands
patented in 1880 and later buildings with at least one
in Wallowa
invented an entire system window in every room. In
County,
for producing and addition, the town offered
Oregon.
distributing electrical services and facilities such
power. as doctors' offices, shops,
and athletic fields.
1877 1879 1880
Bessemer Process Ragtime
National Farmers In 1879, Dumbbell
developed around 1850s. By originated in the
Alliance was first Tenements were built. 1880, American 1800s in the
founded in 1877. Sparked by the increasing manufacturers were using saloons of the
Also known as the shortage of adequate this method to produce more South. A blend of
Southern Alliance. housing for New York's than 90% of the nations African-American
poor immigrants and a new steel. spirituals and
law that established that European musical
every inhabitable room forms.
must have at least one
window for fresh air to
come in.
6. Mugwumps were
Republican political Settlement houses
activists who in the United States
supported were founded by
Democratic Charles Stove and
candidate Grover Stanton Coit in New
Cleveland in the York City in 1886.
U.S. Presidential They are community
Sitting Bull election of 1884. centers in slum
surrendered neighborhoods that
to the federal provided assistance to
government in people in the area,
1881. especially immigrants.
1881 1883 1884 1886
Booker T. Joseph Pulitzer, George Colored
Washington, a a Hungarian Westinghouse, an Farmers'
prominent African- immigrant who had inventor who added Alliance
American educator bought the New innovations that made organized by R.M.
who believed that York World in electricity safer and Humphrey in
racism would end 1883, pioneered less expensive. His firm 1886, in Houston,
once blacks acquired popular faith in the alternating- Texas. Consisting
useful labor skills and innovations, such current system led to of about 250,000
proved their as a large Sunday the founding of the African-American
economic value to edition, comics, Westinghouse Electric farmers of the
society. By 1881, he sports coverage, Company in 1886. South.
headed the and womens'
Tuskegee Normal news. Samuel Gompers led
and Industrial the Cigar Makers'
Institute, now called International Union to
Tuskegee University join with other craft
in Alabama. Unions in 1886.
7. In 1887, Congress passed the
Dawes Act aiming to Until about In 1890,
“Americanize” the Native 1890, police Sherman
Americans. The act broke up the forces were Antitrust Act
reservations and gave some of the Jane Adams, hired and made it illegal
reservation lands to individual fired by to form a trust
one of the most
Native Americans. The political that interfered
influential
government would sell the bosses to with free trade
members of the
remainder of the reservation to settlement house prevent graft- between
settlers, and the resulting income movement, the illegal use states or with
would be used by Native founded Chicago's of political other
Americans to buy farm Hull House in influence for countries.
implements. 1889. personal gain.
1887 1888 1889 1890
Congress passed In 1888,
Urbanization- December 28,
the Interstate growth of cities 1890, the 7th
George
Commerce Act in caused by the Calvary wounded
Eastman technological about 350 starving
1887. It
introduced his
reestablished the boom in the 19th and freezing
Kodak camera.
right of the federal century and it Sioux and took
government to happened mostly them to camp at
supervise railroad in the regions of Wounded Knee.
activities and the Northeast and
established a 5- Midwest.
member
Interstate
Commerce
Commission
(ICC) for that
purpose.
8. Ellis Island was the chief The Pullman Company
immigration station from Ida B. Wells moved to laid off more then 3,000
1892 to 1924 in the United Memphis int the early of its 5,800 employees
States. America was 1880s to work as a and cut the wages of the
becoming a melting pot teacher. Later became an rest by 25 to 50%,
as new immigrants began editor in a local paper with without cutting the cost
arriving. a Radical justice theme in of employee housing. A
her reporting. The events strike was called in the
of March 9, 1892 turned Spring of 1894, when the
Omaha Platform
that theme into a crusade Pullman Company failed
was the official
when 3 African-American to restore wages or
Populist Party
businessmen were decrease rent. Known as
platform as of July
lynched. the Pullman Strike.
4, 1892.
1892 1894
Plessy vs. Ferguson, in Eugene V. Debs
July 2, 1892, a
1892 Homer Plessy was attempted to form and
Populist Party
arrested, tried, and industrial union with
Convention in
convicted for breaking skilled and unskilled
Omaha, Nebraska,
Louisiana's segregation laborers. In 1894, the new
demanded reforms to
law. Plessy appealed. union (American Railway
lift burden of debt
Supreme Court handed Union (ARU)) won a
from farmers and
down it's decision on May strike.
other workers and to
1896. Court ruled that
give the people a
separate but equal
greater voice in their
facilities for blacks and
government.
whites did not violate the
Constitution
9. W.E.B. Dubois was the
1st African-American to
receive a doctorate from
Harvard in 1895. In 1905,
Orville and
Dubois founded the
Niagara Movement, which
Wilbur Wright,
insisted that blacks should on December 17,
1903, at Kitty By 1910 about 10
seek a liberal arts
hawk, North million Americans
education so that the
Carolina, had their shopped by mail-
African-American
community would have first successful order catalog.
well-educated leaders. flight.
1895 1896 1903 1910
William Randolph William Jennings Bryan Immigrants who
Hearst, a wealthy man delivered the “cross of arrived on the west
who purchased the New gold speech” on July 9, coast gained
York Morning Journal in 1896 at the Democratic admission at
1895 and was Joseph National Convention in Angel Island in
Pulitzer's main competitor. Chicago. The issue was San Francisco
Hearst, who already whether to endorse the free Bay. Between
owned the San Francisco coinage of silver at a ration of 1910 and 1940,
Examiner, sought to out do silver to gold of 16 to 1. After about 50,000
Pulitzer by filling the his speech, women and men Chinese
Journal with exaggerated screamed and waved their immigrants
tales of personal scandals, hats and canes. The next day entered the United
cruelty, hypnotism, and he was nominated for States through
even an imaginary President on the 5th ballot. Angel Island.
conquest of Mars.
