1.
Rebooting the UML
Emphasising “Language” Over “Modelling”
Phil Robinson
LonsdaleSystems.com
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2.
Mmmm…
Wonder what
I will be doing
in 10 years
time?
AUSOUG
Conference
1999
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3.
UNIFIED
Formed or united into a
whole
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4.
The act of representing
MODELLING something (usually on a
smaller scale)
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5.
A systematic means of
communicating by the use of
sounds or conventional
LANGUAGE
symbols
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6.
Software Development Languages
Ambiguity
Low High
Program code
High
Natural language
Rigour
Low Box and arrow
diagrams
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7.
Program Code
• Compiler enforces
rigour
• Testing resolves
ambiguity
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8.
Natural Language
Rigour
• Word types
– Noun
– Adjective
– Verb
– Adverb
• Word order
– Subject Verb Object
Mary had a little lamb
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9.
Natural language
Ambiguity
• … the 500 words used most in the English
language …
• … each have an average of 23 different
meanings …
Oxford English Dictionary
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10.
“Have” verb and auxiliary verb; past plural “Had”
1. to possess; own; hold for use; 11. to partake of; eat or drink
contain 12. to permit or allow
2. to hold, possess, or accept in 13. to assert, maintain, or represent
some relation, as of kindred or as being
relative position 14. to know, understand, or be
3. to get, receive, or take skilled in
4. to experience, undergo, or 15. to beget or give birth to
endure, as joy or 16. to hold an advantage over
5. to hold in mind, sight, etc 17. to outwit, deceive, or cheat
6. to cause to, as by command or 18. to control or possess through
invitation bribery; bribe
7. to be related to or be in a 19. to gain possession of
certain relation to
20. to hold or put in a certain
8. to show or exhibit in action or position or situation
words
21. to exercise, display, or make use
9. to be identified or distinguished of
by; possess the characteristic
of 22. to invite or cause to be present
as a companion or guest
10. to engage in or carry on
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11.
“Lamb” noun
1. a young sheep
2. the meat of a young sheep
3. a person who is gentle, meek or
innocent
4. a person who is easily cheated or
outsmarted
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12.
Natural Language
Ambiguity
• Mary possessed a young sheep
• Mary eat a small portion of meat from a young sheep
• Mary received a small portion of meat from a young
sheep
• Mary took a small portion of meat from a young sheep
• Mary gave birth to a young sheep
• Mary had in mind a gentle person
• Mary possessed the characteristics of an innocent
person
• Mary invited an innocent person
• Mary cheated a naive person
• Mary controlled an inexperienced person
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13.
Box and Arrow Diagrams
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14.
Languages and Software Development
Ambiguity
Low High
Program code
High
UML Natural language
Rigour
Low Box and arrow
diagrams
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15.
«artifact»
Object
Artifact
Vocabulary
Package
Class
UML Symbols
Use Case
Actor
Node
Component
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16.
Diagrams
Box and arrow
Car Car
diagrams
Repository
UML Repository Person
Driver
Passenger
Car
Trip
UML Meta-Model
Grammar
Artifact
Object
Class
Package
Actor
Use Case
Node
Component
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17.
UML Object Diagrams
had pet
mary :Person :Sheep
age < 10 years age < 6 months
mary :Sheep mother had offspring :Sheep
gender = female age = 0
age > 18 months
mary :Person diner had lamb :Meal
portion size = small
mary :Person con artist had victim :Person
personality = naieve
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18.
UML Class public class Chair {
Diagrams private
private
ChairStyle style;
float minHeight;
private float maxHeight;
Chair
private boolean isAdjustableHeight;
- style: ChairStyle
- minHeight: float public sit(Person occupant){
- maxHeight: float …
- hasAdjustableHeight: boolean
}
+ sit(occupant :Person)
+ stand(occupant :Person)
public stand(Person occupant){
…
}
«enumeration» }
ChairStyle
Dining public enum ChairStyle {
Lounge Dining,
Sofa
Swivel Lounge,
Reclining Sofa,
Stool
Swivel,
Reclining,
Stool
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19.
UML Class Diagrams
Chair
responsibilities
Indicate status
Support people
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20.
UML Class Diagrams
Chair
responsibilities
Indicate status
Support people
constraints
{height >= 40 cm}
{height <= 85 cm}
{must be stable}
{must be comfortable}
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21.
UML Class Diagrams
Table Chair
responsibilities organises Arranged around responsibilities
Provide social organisation Indicate status
0..1 {at any instant in time} 0..* Support people
Support objects
constraints constraints
{height >= 50 cm} organises Arranged around {height >= 40 cm}
{height <= 1.2 m} {height <= 85 cm}
{must be stable} 1..* {over time} 0..* {must be stable}
{must be comfortable}
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22.
UML Class Diagrams
Chair
responsibilities
Indicate status
Support people
constraints
{height >= 40 cm}
{height <= 85 cm}
{must be stable}
{must be comfortable}
part 1..4
ChairLeg
responsibilities
Provide stability
Support seat
constraints
{capable of supporting a person}
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23.
UML Class Diagrams
Suite
responsibilities
Ensure consistent style
constraints
{chairs must have matching styles}
member 2..*
Chair
responsibilities
Indicate status
Support people
constraints
{height >= 40 cm}
{height <= 85 cm}
{must be stable}
{must be comfortable}
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24.
Furniture
UML Class Diagrams
{abstract}
responsibilities
Satisfy symbolic or religous purposes
Support human activities
Chair Table Storage
{abstract}
responsibilities responsibilities
Indicate status Provide social organisation responsibilities
Support people Support objects Store objects
::Furniture
constraints constraints Support human activities
{height >= 40 cm} {height >= 50 cm} Satisfy symbolic or religous purposes
{height <= 85 cm} {height <= 1.2 m}
{must be stable} {must be stable}
{must be comfortable}
Cabinet Wardrobe Bookcase Safe
responsibilities responsibilities responsibilities responsibilities
::Storage Store clothes Display books Provide secure object storage
Store objects ::Storage Store books ::Storage
::Furniture Store objects ::Storage Store objects
Support human activities ::Furniture Store objects ::Furniture
Satisfy symbolic or religous purposes Support human activities ::Furniture Support human activities
Satisfy symbolic or religous purposes Support human activities Satisfy symbolic or religous purposes
Satisfy symbolic or religous purposes
constraints
{must have a locking mechanism}
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25.
UML Activity Diagram
«centralBuffer»
chair stack
:Chair
:Chair
Arrange Stack
chairs chairs
:Chair
:Chair
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26.
UML State Machine Diagram
Stacked
+ do / store
+ exit / check for damage
/Stack chairs /Arrange chairs
Arranged
+ entry / wipe clean
+ do / use
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27.
Rebooting the UML
Emphasising “Language” Over “Modelling”
Questions
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conference.lonsdalesystems.com
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