The document summarizes key properties and motions of Earth and the Moon. It describes how Earth rotates on its axis, causing day and night, and revolves around the Sun, causing years. It also explains that the Moon rotates on its axis and revolves around Earth, and that the changing angles of sunlight cause its phases to cycle over 29.5 days.

1. Ch 23 Section I The Earth

4. Earth is a round 3-dimensional sphere

6. Axis – imaginary vertical line around which earth spins

7. Rotation – the spinning of Earth around its axis that causes day and night Takes 24 hrs. or 1 day

8. Earth has a magnetic field with north and south poles

10. Magnetic north vs. geographic north

11. Revolution – Earth’s yearly orbit around the sun

13. Earth’s orbit is an ellipse or elongated, closed curve

16. Earth’s tilt causes the seasons

23. Geocentric – everything revolves around earth

24. Heliocentric – everything revolves around the sun

25. Moon

27. The moon seems to shine because it reflects sunlight

29. Moon Phases – the different forms the Moon takes in its appearance from Earth

30. New Moon – when the moon is between earth and the sun and cannot be seen

32. First visible thin slice of the moon is a waxing crescent

34. All of the Moon’s lit side is visible during a full moon

35. Waning phases – less of the illuminated half of the Moon is visible after the full moon.

37. The last visible slice before a new moon is called the waning crescent

39. What time period did we get from studying the moon? Completes its moon cycle in 29.5 days Completes revolution in 27.3 days

40. The moon’s orbit is tilted about 5 degrees relative to Earth’s orbit around the sun.

42. Eclipses – when the Earth or the moon casts a shadow on the other

44. Penumbra – experiences a partial eclipse Umbra – experiences a total eclipse

45. A total solar eclipse is visible only on a small area of Earth The corona is the silvery part

48. Lunar Eclipse – when Earth’s shadow falls on the moon What color does the moon turn during as eclipse?

49. Does not occur every month because the moon’s orbit is tilted to earth’s orbit.

51. The moon is 3,476 km in diameter, a little less than the distance across the contiguous United States.

52. Moon’s gravity is 1/6 of Earth’s gravity because it is less massive

53. The Moon’s surface has many depressions, or craters. formed from meteorites, asteroids, and comets

54. What could destroy the footprint?

55. Cracks in the Moon’s crust caused lava to fill large craters, forming maria, or dark, flat areas Mountainous area called highlands

57. Regolith is the broken rock material on the moon’s surface. Moon rocks are similar to ours and have tiny crystals of pure iron.

58. Data from moonquakes suggest that under the Moon’s crust might lie a solid mantle, then a partly molten mantle and a solid, iron rich, core.

63. Albedo reflectance

64. Albedo of 0

65. Albedo of 1

67. Clementine Northside Farside Nearside Southside

70. Graphic Organizer rotates revolves causing causing Earth

71. Graphic Organizer rotates revolves causing causing Earth On its axis Night and day Around the Sun years