1.
Libraries:
from technology artifacts to technology in practice
2015 AJCU-CITM / Library Deans Conference at Loyola
University Maryland, Baltimore, 18 May 15
Lorcan Dempsey
@LorcanD
https://www.flickr.com/photos/michaelfoleyphotography/8673516232

2.
P Pix https://www.flickr.com/photos/27851954@N08/3888840197/

3.
http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~bump/images/Hopkins/HopkinsRegis/statuesetting.jpg

4.
http://rudr.coalliance.org/fedora/repository/codr:2850

5.
2
11. The network reshapes
society and society
reshapes the network
2. Cell phones and mobility
as a service
3 library examples
1. Citation management
2. Institutional repositories
and research workflow
3. Discovery and
discoverability
3
The social and the technical 1. Organization
2. Rightscaling
3. The library in the life
of the user
3 issues

6.
Overview

7.
Preamble:
the AJCU collective collection
(thanks to Constance Malpas for the analysis here)

8.
0 160 320 480 640 800 960 1,120 1,280 1,440 1,600
Thousands
AJCU Library* Holdings in WorldCat
March 2015
Collection size/scope
varies widely
*Lacking St Joseph’s and St Peter’s

9.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
WorldCat Duplication of Titles Held in AJCU Libraries
<5 libraries 5 to 9 10 to 24 25 to 99 >99 libraries
Systemwide duplication
of holdings is high
> 99 libraries median: 81%
<5 libraries median : 1%

10.
15 most comprehensive collections
related to:
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
SAINT LOUIS UNIV
BOSTON COL
WOODSTOCK THEOL CTR (GEORGETOWN UNIV)
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
YALE UNIV
HARVARD UNIV
LOYOLA UNIV OF CHICAGO
MARQUETTE UNIV
FORDHAM UNIV
UNIV OF NOTRE DAME
DALTON MCCAUGHEY LIBR
UNIV OF TORONTO REGIS COL
UNIV OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY
COLUMBIA UNIV
PRINCETON THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
Saint Ignatius of Loyola, 1491-1556
Total related works in WorldCat = 1,681
6 of the top 15
collections are held
by AJCU members

11.
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
BIBLIOTHEQUE NATIONALE DE FRANCE
BIBLIOTHEQUE NAT & UNIV STRASBOURG
BIBLIOTHEQUE SAINTE-GENEVIEVE
BM LYON
ECOLE NATIONALE DE CHARTES
STATE RES LIBR, OLOMOUC
MADRID-CASA DE VELÁZQUEZ
PARIS-ENS-ULM LSH
RENNES2-BU CENTRALE
BOSTON COL
CLERMONT FD-BCIU-PATRIMOINE
UNIV OF MICHIGAN
COLLEGE OF THE HOLY CROSS
UNIV OF NOTRE DAME
UNIV OF SAN FRANCISCO
Carlos Sommervogel, 1834-1902
Total related works in WorldCat =74
15 most comprehensive collections
related to:
AJCU libraries hold
the largest collections
outside of Europe

12.
15 most comprehensive collections
related to:
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
HARVARD UNIV
GRADUATE THEOL UNION
YALE UNIV
SAINT LOUIS UNIV
GEORGETOWN UNIV
COLUMBIA UNIV
DUKE UNIV LIBR
NEW YORK PUB LIBR
UNIV OF CALIFORNIA, SRLF
STANFORD UNIV
UCLA
UNIV OF NOTRE DAME
CORNELL UNIV
PRINCETON UNIV
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, 1881-1955
Total related works in WorldCat = 1,294
AJCU collections rival
those of much larger
research institutions

13.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
GONZAGA UNIV
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
UNC, CHAPEL HILL
NEW YORK PUB LIBR
BOSTON COL
UNIV OF OXFORD
HARVARD UNIV
CORNELL UNIV
COLUMBIA UNIV
YALE UNIV LIBR
UNIV OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY
BAKER & TAYLOR
PRINCETON UNIV
STANFORD UNIV
CAMBRIDGE UNIV
Gerard Manley Hopkins, 1844-1889
Total related works in WorldCat = 1,411
15 most comprehensive collections
related to:
Gonzaga University library
provides unparalleled coverage

14.
Note: Georgetown University has the most
comprehensive collections about Graham
Greene.
Gonzaga collections built around interests
of Fr Anthony Bischoff, S.J.

15.
The social and the
technical

16.
NetworkedAutomated
Internet
of Things
Pervasive
Sensors
Mobile/Cloud
Location
Analytics
Industrial internet
Socio-technical
Informationalization
Socio-digitization
?

17.
Technology as artifact
Technology in practice
Emergent workflow/behaviors
The technical reshapes the social – the social reshapes the technical
I borrow artifact/practice terms from Wanda Orlikowski, 2000. Using Technology and Constituting Structures:
A Practice Lens for Studying Technology in Organizations

18.
Technology in practice:
an example
Cell phone and mobility

19.
Micro-
coordination
Ad hoc
rendezvous
Situational
Tying place
and network.
Maps
Visual
Tying place,
network and
image
Cell Phone

20.
Vesco, the politician
responsible for sustainable
transport in Lyon, played a
leading role in introducing
the city’s Vélo’v bike-
sharing scheme a decade
ago.
“Digital information is the fuel of
mobility,” he says. “Some transport
sociologists say that information
about mobility is 50% of mobility.
The car will become an accessory
to the smartphone.”
End of the car age: how cities are outgrowing
the automobile
http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/apr/28/end-of-the-car-age-how-cities-
outgrew-the-automobile
http://peterblade.blogspot.com/2012/05/inauguration-du-showroom-peter-blade.html

21.
22
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-07/uber-is-winning-over-americans-expense-accounts
Mobility as a service
http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/apr/28/end-of-the-car-age-how-cities-outgrew-the-automobile

22.
“Uber – has effectively
become the vascular system
for business …
or think of it this way: it is
the broadband pipe for
atoms.”
“Uber looks like a taxi
business but really it's all
about routing - it's trying to
unbundle both car
ownership and public
transport and shift roads
from circuit-switching to
packet-switching.” B Evans.
http://us6.campaign-
archive2.com/?u=b98e2de85f03865f1d38de74f&id=ac5933501b
“More and more, Uber is
positioning itself as a
logistics company. The goal
is to deliver people and
things within cities as quickly
as possible — relying
heavily on Google’s Maps in
the process..”
NYT May 7 2015

23.
Uber drivers— and other “on-demand” workers—
have become increasingly vocal as the question
the rights of these enterprises to operate outside
of minimum wage laws, anti-discrimination
statutes, workers’ compensation laws, and union-
organizing rights. …
In a Wall Street Journal article about on-demand
employment, One worker tells the WSJ, ‘We are
not robots; we are not a remote control; we are
individuals…”
http://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/debatten/the-digital-debate/shoshana-zuboff-on-the-sharing-economy-13500770-p4.html
Shoshana Zuboff on the sharing economy.

24.
http://www.log.com.tr/google-akilli-ev-urunleri-firmasi-nesti-satin-aldi/

25.
Health, Education,
Transport
Systemwide, policy, ….
Behaviors, firms
Running on data: Activity trackers and the Internet of Things http://dupress.com/articles/internet-of-things-wearable-technology/

26.
A communication device.
Connecting identity, place and workflows
to reshape industries and behaviors.
This:
And this:

27.
3 library examples
Citation management
Institutional repository > workflow is the new content
Discovery and discoverability

28.
Technology as practice
Emergent behaviors/workflows
Citation management

29.
So in a relatively short time, a solitary and manual
function has evolved into a workflow enacted in a
social and digital environment. In addition to
functional value, this change has added network
value, as individual users benefit from the community
of use. People can make connections and find new
work, and the network generates analytics which may
be used for recommendations or scholarly metrics. In
this way, for some people, citation management has
evolved from being a single function in a broader
workflow into a workflow manager, discovery engine,
and social network.
Dempsey & Walter, 2014

30.
Provide and promote reference manager
products.
Support – and help shape - emerging
practices around citation management,
research networking and profiles.
This:
And this:

31.
Technology as practice
Emergent behaviors/workflows
Institutional repository > workflow is the new content

32.
In a well-known article, Salo (2008) offers a variety of
reasons as to why they have not been as heavily used
as anticipated. These include a lack of attention to
faculty incentives (‘prestige’) and to campus
workflows. She concludes that IRs will not be
successful unless developed as a part of “systematic,
broad-based, well-supported data-stewardship,
scholarly-communication, or digital-preservation
program”.
Providing technology as artifact >
Supporting emerging practices

33.
http://www.slideshare.net/repofringe/e-prints42y
EPrints Update, Les Carr, University
of Southampton, Repository Fringe, 2014

34.
Framing the Scholarly Record …

35.
In practice …

36.
Her view is that publishers are
here to make the scientific
research process more effective
by helping them keep up to
date, find colleagues, plan
experiments, and then share
their results. After they have
published, the processes
continues with gaining a
reputation, obtaining funds,
finding collaborators, and even
finding a new job. What can we
as publishers do to address
some of scientists’ pain points?
Annette Thomas,
(then) CEO of Macmillan
Publishers
A
publisher’s
new job
description
http://www.against-the-grain.com/2012/11/a-publishers-new-job-description/

37.
Support - and help shape - emerging
practices around the complete research
life cycle.
Provide system to manage research outputs.
This:
And this:

38.
Technology as practice
Emergent behaviors/workflows
Discovery and discoverability

39.
 arXiv, SSRN, RePEc, PubMed Central (disciplinary
repositories that have become important discovery
hubs);
 Google Scholar, Google Books, Amazon (ubiquitous
discovery and fulfillment hubs);
 Mendeley, ResearchGate (services for social discovery
and scholarly reputation management);
 Goodreads, LibraryThing (social description/reading
sites);
 Wikipedia, Yahoo Answers, Khan Academy (hubs for
open research, reference, and teaching materials).
 GalaxyZoo, FigShare, OpenRefine (data storage and
manipulation tools)
 Github (software management)

40.
“...Google doesn’t
judge you.”
(UKF3, Male, Age 52)
Image: http://www.flickr.com/photos/cubmundo/6184306158/

41.
“I just type it into Google and see what
comes up.” (UKS2)
“It’s like a taboo I guess with all teachers, they
just all say – you know, when they explain the
paper they always say, “Don’t use Wikipedia.”
(USU7, Female, Age 19)
Learning Black Market
Image: http://wp.me/pLtlj-fH

42.
Discovery is not just …
the discovery layer
Discovery often happens elsewhere.
Discovery is enacted in emerging
behaviors/workflows.
Put library resources in the workflow
Make institutional resources more discoverable.

43.
Resolver configuration.
How do you engage with researcher profiling, reputation management,
research information management, ….?

44.
Expertise
Special collections
Research and learning materials
In few
collections
In many
collections
A
Licensed
Purchased
Outside, in
OCLC Collections Grid
Distinctive
Library as broker
Maximise efficiency
Low
Stewardship
High
Stewardship
Available
Inside, out
Library as provider
Maximise discoverability

45.
Reputation management
• Expertise and profiling
• Identity
• Make the institution, expertise,
research outputs, discoverable, …
• New Knowledge work ( Kenning
Arlitsch)

46.
 Are library resources visible where people are doing their work, in the
search engines, in citation management tools, and so on?
 Is library expertise visible when people are searching for things? Can a
library user discover a personal contact easily? Are there photographs of
librarians on the website? The University of Michigan has a nice feature
where it returns relevant subject librarians in top level searches.
 Are there blogs about special collections or distinctive services or expertise,
which can be indexed and found on search engines? Are links to relevant
special collections or archives created in Wikipedia. Can researchers
configure a resolver in Scholar, Mendeley or other services?
 As attention shifts from collections to services, are library services
described in such a way that they are discoverable? On the website? In
search engines? Is SEO a routine part of development? Schema?
 Is metadata for resources shared with all relevant services? DPLA?
WorldCat?
 Do faculty have Orcids?
Discovery is more than the discovery layer.
Discovery often happens elsewhere.
Make institutional resources discoverable (inside-out).

47.
Provide a discovery product to facilitate
access to library collections.
Support – and help shape - emerging
practices around discoverability of
institutional, faculty and other resources.
This:
And this:
Make links to library collections available
in emerging user workflows.

48.
3 interesting issues
Organization
Rightscaling
Users

49.
Convergence, boundaries, cooperation
IT and Library
‘Digital’
Network
Compute
Storage
Security
Workflow
Data
Learning management,
Library, research
support, Press, ….
Older model of
integration: Integration
around artifact: IT and
Library organization.
Common in the UK and
some other sectors in
90s.
A new model of
integration: Integrate
around practices?
Shared support for data
management, research
and learning workflows,
..

50.
Rightscaling
Collections, systems, services
Local
Shared
Third party
Every institution cannot
do everything. At what
level should things be
done?
Consortial? Network
level third party
services? Institutional?
Institutions have to
make decisions about
where they can make a
distinctive impact, and
where they should share
or outsource.

51.
Our traditional model was
one in which we thought of
the user in the life of the library
… but we are now increasingly
thinking about the library
in the life of the user as they
enact new research and learning
practices.

52.
• Investigate & describe user-owned digital literacies –
what people really do.
• Visitors and residents.
• Position the library to support emerging research and
learning practices.
http://www.oclc.org/research/themes/user-studies/vandr.html?urlm=168948

53.
And …

54.
66

55.
Manage systems and services to support
research and learning.
Support – and help shape - emerging
research and learning behaviors enacted
in data-rich network environments.
This:
And this:

56.
Libraries:
from technology artifacts to technology in practice
2015 AJCU-CITM / Library Deans Conference at Loyola
University Maryland, Baltimore, 18 May 15
Lorcan Dempsey
@LorcanD
https://www.flickr.com/photos/michaelfoleyphotography/8673516232