FRBR Group 1 entities explained using the novel Dracula.

1. FRBR Group 1 entities
A short PPT presentation explaining FRBR Group 1 entities using Bram Stoker’s Dracula.

2. What is FRBR?
Stands for
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
FRBR was developed by the IFLA cataloging section to address issues in semantics and
demonstrate relationship between and among materials (Group 1), creators of works (Group
2), and subjects (Group 3).
FRBR is organized into groups which have entities that possess attributes.
• Group 1 entities are work, expression, manifestation, and item.
• Group 2 entities are persons or corporate bodies.
• Group 3 entities are the subjects of works and can be concepts, objects, events, or
places.
Source: Ellett, R. (2009, August). Unit 1 FRBRIntro PPT. [Electronic File]. Unpublished.
Ellett, R. (2009, September). FRBR & RDAnoill PPT. [Electronic File]. Unpublished.
Tillet, B. (2009, February). What is FRBR? [Electronic journal]. http://www.loc.gov/cds/FRBR.html

3. Group 1 entities
Group 1 entities:
1. Work - is that abstract idea, or distinct intellectual creation.
2. Expression - is the fulfillment of that idea through words, sound, image, etc.
3. Manifestation - is the physical embodiment of the expression.
4. Item – is the actual copy of the manifestation that expression takes.
This presentation will explain the relationship and
structure of FRBR Group 1 entities through an
example.

4. I choose…
Dracula• Written by Bram Stoker in 1897 and published in English by Archibald Constable
and Company (UK).
• It has been reprinted, translated, annotated, adapted, turned into a musical and
made into a movie.
• In the United States, Stoker was not able to properly copyright the work, so that it
entered the public domain at the time of its publication. In the UK, it has been in
the public domain since 1962.
• So, imagine how many editions is out there since its maiden publication. It is
therefore the perfect choice to illustrate the relationship and structure of FRBR
Group 1 entities.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula

5. Work
In FRBR terms, Dracula, that
abstract thing, idea, or literary
creation that sprung from the
mind of Bram Stoker is a work.
• Written by Bram Stoker in 1897 and published in English by Archibald Constable
and Company (UK).
• Dracula is an epistolary and gothic novel about a Transylvanian Count and vampire
moving to London and terrorizing the relations of the Englishman, Jonathan
Harker, whom he lured and imprisoned in his castle. Harker will later on escape
and team up with friends wronged by Dracula, as well as, Van Helsing, doctor and
vampire slayer, to stop the menace of Count Dracula.
• Dracula has become the classic of vampire and gothic literature and also a novel
that shows the battle of ideas between tradition and modernity.
Bram Stoker
Bram Stoker in 1912.
Image sourced at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BramSt
oker.jpg

6. Same Work, New Work
• Reprints, exact reproduction copies, facsimiles,
translations, revisions, editions, illustrated editions,
and abridged editions of the original text of Dracula
by Bram Stoker are considered belonging to the
same work.
• Change of genre, parodies, annotated
editions, adaptations, reviews, evaluations,
criticism and dramatizations of Dracula are
considered as a new work.
The 1992 movie, Bram Stoker’s Dracula directed by
Francis Ford Coppola in FRBR terms is a new work
since it is an adaptation of the original novel.
Poster of the movie.
Image sourced at
http://www.xmission.com/~tyra
nist/horror/reviews/d/image/Dr
acula.1992.jpg

7. Expressions
In FRBR terms, the first
edition published in 1897 of
Dracula is a realization of the
idea or the expression of the
work.
• Reprints, microform reproductions, exact
reproductions, and facsimiles are the same
expression of the same work.
Cover of 1st Edition.
Image sourced at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dracula
1st.jpeg

8. Translations
A translation into Spanish by
Diana Gibson is a
new expression of the
same work.
• Translations are just different expressions,
through a change in the intellectual technique,
of the same content.
In this example, from English to Spanish.
Cover photo of the
hardcover edition.
Image sourced at
http://www.amazon.com/Dracula-
Spanish-Bram-
Stoker/dp/8497648609/ref=sr_1_1?i
e=UTF8&s=books&qid=125212438
5&sr=8-1

9. Foreword added
An edition, with a foreword
by Elizabeth Kostova added,
is a new expression of the
same work.
• It is a new expression because of the addition
of a foreword, but it is still the same work because
it does not significantly alter the content of the work.
Cover art of Dracula
edition with a foreword
by Elizabeth Kostova.
Image sourced at
http://www.amazon.com/Dracula-
Bram-
Stoker/dp/0316014818/ref=sr_1_
1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=12521
24242&sr=8-1

10. Illustrated edition
In FRBR terms, if illustrations
are added, like this edition
illustrated by James Pyman, then
it is a new expression of the same
work, since there is an addition to the
content but the main focus is still the
written work.
• This edition is described as going back to the original text
with 27 illustrations added, coming from a line or a phrase
from each of the 27 chapters.
A page from the Dracula
edition illustrated by James
Pyman.
Image sourced at
http://www.oogaboogastore.com/shop/b
ooks/detail/Stoker-Dracula.html

11. From written to spoken word
An unabridged reading
from the original 1897 text
and narrated by Alexander
Spencer and Susan Adams is a
new expression of the same work.
• It is a new expression since it is just another realization
of the same work. Only the intellectual technique changed
from the written word to spoken word.
Cover art for audiobook
version of Dracula.
Image sourced at
http://www.amazon.co.uk/Dracula-
unabridged-audio-book-
Stoker/dp/1407435833

12. Manifestations
Manifestations are the physical embodiment of an
expression of a work.
• The physical book of the various hardcover and paperback editions of Dracula are
different manifestations of the same work.
Published by
DoubleDay in 1921
Published by Rider
& Co in 1927
Published by
Wessels Co in 1901.
Paperback ed. by
Penguin Books in
1997First three image sourced from http://www.draculas.info/gallery/
Fourth image sourced from http://www.amazon.co.uk/Dracula-Penguin-Classics-Bram-
Stoker/dp/0140434062/ref=sr_1_8?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1252126273&sr=1-8

13. More Manifestations
The Kindle edition e-book file
of Dracula being sold by
Amazon.com is a
new manifestation of the
same work.
• The physical embodiment or
the form of the expression of a work.
It can be a book, an electronic file,
a cassette tape, or a CD.
Photo of a woman reading a book using the
Kindle, Amazon’s e-book reader.
Image sourced from http://www.gettyimages.com/

14. Some more Manifestations
The cassette tapes, downloadable MP3 files, or CDs of
Dracula by Bram Stoker as narrated from the original
text by Alexander Spencer and Susan Adams are
different manifestations of the same expression of the
same work.
Image of a cassette tape and a CD.
Image sourced from http://www.gettyimages.com/

15. Item
Item is the actual copy you buy, download, or borrow
from a bookstore or library.
Examples:
• An item is the actual copy of the book on CD of Dracula as narrated by Alexander
Spencer and Susan Adams and available for check out at the Half-Moon Bay Public
Library.
• An item is the actual file of Dracula downloaded by Amazon directly to your Kindle
device.
• An item is the actual copy of the book of Bram Stoker’s Dracula traduccion Diana
Gibson, the Spanish translation of the novel. This item is at the San Mateo Public
Library, Main branch waiting to be checked out at the Adult Spanish stacks and
bearing the call number SP Stoke.

16. Summing up
• FRBR offers a fresh perspective on structures
and relationships of bibliographic
and authority records.
• Applying FRBR Group 1 entities we are able to
show the inherent relationships and hierarchy of
work, expression, manifestation, and item.
• Work is that abstract and creative idea that is
realized through expression embodied in a
manifestation and exemplified by an item.
Image sourced at
http://www.oscarcharlie.com/creations/digitalart
/pages/dracula.htm