3. Virus ✴Particle made of
nucleic acid and a
protein coat
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
4. Virus ✴Particle made of
nucleic acid and a
protein coat
✴~100x smaller than
our cells
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
5. Virus ✴Particle made of
nucleic acid and a
protein coat
✴~100x smaller than
our cells
✴Virology-the study of
viruses (structure,
classification, isolation,
potential uses)
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
6. Virus ✴Particle made of
nucleic acid and a
protein coat
✴~100x smaller than
our cells
✴Virology-the study of
viruses (structure,
classification, isolation,
potential uses)
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
10. You Be the Judge
✴They have nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)
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11. You Be the Judge
✴They have nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)
✴No membrane bound organelles
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
12. You Be the Judge
✴They have nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)
✴No membrane bound organelles
✴They cannot metabolize or divide
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
13. You Be the Judge
✴They have nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)
✴No membrane bound organelles
✴They cannot metabolize or divide
✴Must use a host to reproduce
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34. Enveloped Virus
✴Spherical shape
✴These viruses highjack a host’s cell
membrane, forming an envelope
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35. Enveloped Virus
✴Spherical shape
✴These viruses highjack a host’s cell
membrane, forming an envelope
✴Glycoproteins (“receptors”) on the surface
of the envelope allow the virus to appear
“friendly”
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
36. Enveloped Virus
✴Spherical shape
✴These viruses highjack a host’s cell
membrane, forming an envelope
✴Glycoproteins (“receptors”) on the surface
of the envelope allow the virus to appear
“friendly”
✴HIV, influenza
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
41. Bacteriophage
“Complex Viruses”
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42. Bacteriophage
“Complex Viruses”
✴Hexagonal head bound to a helical tail
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43. Bacteriophage
“Complex Viruses”
✴Hexagonal head bound to a helical tail
✴Resemble a lunar landing pod
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
44. Bacteriophage
“Complex Viruses”
✴Hexagonal head bound to a helical tail
✴Resemble a lunar landing pod
✴Tail fibers act (“legs”) help to inject DNA
into the host cell
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45. Bacteriophage
“Complex Viruses”
✴Hexagonal head bound to a helical tail
✴Resemble a lunar landing pod
✴Tail fibers act (“legs”) help to inject DNA
into the host cell
✴T Phages (E.coli)
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51. Bacteriophage
Replication
✴Lytic Cycle- during the lytic cycle a
virus invades a host, produces new
viruses, and destroys the host (lysis)
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52. Bacteriophage
Replication
✴Lytic Cycle- during the lytic cycle a
virus invades a host, produces new
viruses, and destroys the host (lysis)
✴Viruses that replicate this way are
known as virulent
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
53. Bacteriophage
Replication
✴Lytic Cycle- during the lytic cycle a
virus invades a host, produces new
viruses, and destroys the host (lysis)
✴Viruses that replicate this way are
known as virulent
✴T phages are virulent
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55. Bacteriophage
Replication
wLysogenic Cycle- sometimes a virus may
infect a host cell and remain dormant
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
56. Bacteriophage
Replication
wLysogenic Cycle- sometimes a virus may
infect a host cell and remain dormant
wThis type of virus is known as a
temperate virus
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
57. Bacteriophage
Replication
wLysogenic Cycle- sometimes a virus may
infect a host cell and remain dormant
wThis type of virus is known as a
temperate virus
wTemperate virus DNA will combine with
host DNA creating a prophage
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61. Viral Replication
✴Infection begins when a virus recognizes
and attaches to or enters a host cell
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62. Viral Replication
✴Infection begins when a virus recognizes
and attaches to or enters a host cell
✴The viral genome takes over the cell,
making it a factory for more viruses
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
63. Viral Replication
✴Infection begins when a virus recognizes
and attaches to or enters a host cell
✴The viral genome takes over the cell,
making it a factory for more viruses
✴Because they can only replicate with the
help of a host, viruses are known as
obligate intracellular parasites
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66. ✴DNA Viruses:
✴Some DNA enters a host and makes mRNA
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
67. ✴DNA Viruses:
✴Some DNA enters a host and makes mRNA
✴Other DNA may actually insert into a host
cell’s chromosome (provirus)
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68. ✴DNA Viruses:
✴Some DNA enters a host and makes mRNA
✴Other DNA may actually insert into a host
cell’s chromosome (provirus)
✴RNA Viruses:
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69. ✴DNA Viruses:
✴Some DNA enters a host and makes mRNA
✴Other DNA may actually insert into a host
cell’s chromosome (provirus)
✴RNA Viruses:
✴Some RNA enters the host and serves
directly as RNA
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70. ✴DNA Viruses:
✴Some DNA enters a host and makes mRNA
✴Other DNA may actually insert into a host
cell’s chromosome (provirus)
✴RNA Viruses:
✴Some RNA enters the host and serves
directly as RNA
✴Other RNA may be transcribed and serve
as a template for more viral DNA
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72. ✴Some RNA viruses (retroviruses) contain
the enzyme reverse transcriptase
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
73. ✴Some RNA viruses (retroviruses) contain
the enzyme reverse transcriptase
✴This enzyme is used to transcribe viral
RNA into DNA (reversing the normal
process of transcription)
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
74. ✴Some RNA viruses (retroviruses) contain
the enzyme reverse transcriptase
✴This enzyme is used to transcribe viral
RNA into DNA (reversing the normal
process of transcription)
✴This viral DNA is used to make more
viruses
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
75. ✴Some RNA viruses (retroviruses) contain
the enzyme reverse transcriptase
✴This enzyme is used to transcribe viral
RNA into DNA (reversing the normal
process of transcription)
✴This viral DNA is used to make more
viruses
✴HIV is a retrovirus
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
84. Chicken Pox/Shingles:
✴Caused by vericella-zoster herpesvirus
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
85. Chicken Pox/Shingles:
✴Caused by vericella-zoster herpesvirus
✴Spread through the air and contact
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
86. Chicken Pox/Shingles:
✴Caused by vericella-zoster herpesvirus
✴Spread through the air and contact
✴May remain dormant as a provirus and
become shingles
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
88. Viral Hepatitis
✴Inflammation of the liver caused
by 5 different viruses
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
89. Viral Hepatitis
✴Inflammation of the liver caused
by 5 different viruses
✴A and E spread by fecal matter
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
90. Viral Hepatitis
✴Inflammation of the liver caused
by 5 different viruses
✴A and E spread by fecal matter
✴B,C and D spread by sexual
contact or blood transfusion
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
92. AIDS
✴Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
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93. AIDS
✴Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
✴Caused by the HIV virus
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94. AIDS
✴Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
✴Caused by the HIV virus
✴Glycoproteins on the surface of the virus
bind to receptor sites of immune cells
(macrophages)
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95. AIDS
✴Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
✴Caused by the HIV virus
✴Glycoproteins on the surface of the virus
bind to receptor sites of immune cells
(macrophages)
✴Retrovirus, Provirus
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
96. AIDS
✴Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
✴Caused by the HIV virus
✴Glycoproteins on the surface of the virus
bind to receptor sites of immune cells
(macrophages)
✴Retrovirus, Provirus
✴Genetically diverse
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98. Is there a cure ?
✴Azydothymidine- inhibits reverse
transcriptase
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99. Is there a cure ?
✴Azydothymidine- inhibits reverse
transcriptase
✴Protease inibitors- blocks synthesis of
new capsids
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
100. Is there a cure ?
✴Azydothymidine- inhibits reverse
transcriptase
✴Protease inibitors- blocks synthesis of
new capsids
✴These drugs can only slow the
progression to full-blown AIDS
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108. ✴Epidemic- quickly spreading infectious
disease
✴Pandemic- disease spreads over large
regions
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109. ✴Epidemic- quickly spreading infectious
disease
✴Pandemic- disease spreads over large
regions
✴Bubonic plague, Small pox
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111. Treatment
✴Vaccine- harmless version of a virus used to
build an immune response (microevolution)
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112. Treatment
✴Vaccine- harmless version of a virus used to
build an immune response (microevolution)
✴Inactivated virus- not able to replicate
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113. Treatment
✴Vaccine- harmless version of a virus used to
build an immune response (microevolution)
✴Inactivated virus- not able to replicate
✴Attenuated virus- weakened form of a virus; no
ability to cause disease
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114. Treatment
✴Vaccine- harmless version of a virus used to
build an immune response (microevolution)
✴Inactivated virus- not able to replicate
✴Attenuated virus- weakened form of a virus; no
ability to cause disease
✴Vector control
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115. Treatment
✴Vaccine- harmless version of a virus used to
build an immune response (microevolution)
✴Inactivated virus- not able to replicate
✴Attenuated virus- weakened form of a virus; no
ability to cause disease
✴Vector control
✴Drug therapy- interfere with DNA/RNA
synthesis
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
116. Treatment
✴Vaccine- harmless version of a virus used to
build an immune response (microevolution)
✴Inactivated virus- not able to replicate
✴Attenuated virus- weakened form of a virus; no
ability to cause disease
✴Vector control
✴Drug therapy- interfere with DNA/RNA
synthesis
✴Acyclovir- blocks DNA polymerase
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
119. Viroids vs. Prions
✴Viroids
✴Single-stranded
RNA
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120. Viroids vs. Prions
✴Viroids
✴Single-stranded
RNA
✴Disrupt plant
metabolism
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
121. Viroids vs. Prions
✴Viroids
✴Single-stranded
RNA
✴Disrupt plant
metabolism
✴Coconuts,
oranges,
potatoes
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122. Viroids vs. Prions
✴Viroids ✴Prions
✴Infectious
✴Single-stranded protein
RNA particles
✴Disrupt plant ✴Clump in brain;
metabolism cause cell
death
✴Coconuts,
✴Mad cow,
oranges, Creutzfeldt-
potatoes Jakob disease
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
