1.  A disease that is spread from one living
thing to another or through the
environment
 It is important to know how CDs can
spread so your reduce your risk of getting
them.

2.  Pathogen: Organism that causes
disease.
 Pathogens include: viruses, bacteria,
fungi, protozoans and rickettsia
 Infection: Condition that occurs when
pathogens enter the body, multiply, and
damage body cells.

3.  Viruses: Pieces of
genetic material
surrounded by a
protein coat.
 Invade all known
forms of life.
 Attacks the host cell,
resulting in
multiplying the virus.
 Antibiotics do not
work
 Bacteria: Single-cell
microorganisms
 Most are harmless-
e.g. bacteria is in
your digestive system
 Some bacterial
pathogens produce
toxins—which are
bad and require
antibiotics.

4.  Direct Contact: Includes touching, biting,
kissing, and sexual contact
 Indirect Contact: Contaminated objects,
Vectors—mosquito passes pathogen
from person to person, Water and Food
 Airborne Transmission: Sneeze or cough

5.  Washing Hands
 Handling Food Properly
 Eat a balanced diet
 Avoid sharing eating utensils
 Practice abstinence

6.  Immune System: network or cells, tissues,
organs, and chemicals that fights off
pathogens
 The immune system has two defense
strategies.
 The first one is called the inflammatory
response—is a reaction to tissue damage
caused by injury or injection
 Its purpose is to prevent further tissues
injury and to halt invading pathogens.

7.  The immune systems goes into a immune
response and our white blood cells react
to antigens (triggers a immune response)
 There are certain types of white blood
cells.
 Lymphocyte is a specialized white blood
cell that coordinates and performs many
of the functions or specific immunity.

8. TCellsandBCellsVaccines
 There are different types of T cells
 Helper T Cells—trigger the production of B
cells and killer T cells.
 Killer T Cells: attack and destroy infected
body cells
 B cells produce antibodies which act
against a specific antigen
 Vaccines to Aid the Body’s Defenses
 Live-virus: Pathogens grown-weakened-
produce antibodies. Measles or mumps shot
 Killer-virus: Dead pathogens-organism works-
produces antibodies. Flu shots
 Toxoids: Dead toxins used to produce
antibodies. Tetanus shot
 New and second-generation vaccines: New
technology. Hepatitis B

9.  The most common
communicable
diseases are those of
the respiratory tract.
 Common Cold
 Influenza
 Pneumonia
 Strep Throat
 Tuberculosis
 Hepatitis A, B, C
 Mononucleosis
 Measles
 Emerging Infections:
communicable diseases
whose incidence in
humans has increased
within the past two
decades or threatens to
increase in the near
future. Such as Lyme
Disease, AIDS, and
Malaria

10.  Disease that is not transmitted by
another person, a vector, or the
environment
 Medical science has identified certain
habits and behaviors that either increase
or decrease the risk of many of these
disease

11.  Kills almost one million Americans each
year.
 CVD is a disease that affects the heart or
blood vessels.
 Types of Cardiovascular Diseases
 Hypertension
 Atherosclerosis
 Heart Attack
 Stroke
 Many more…

12.  As teens it is important for you to
understand how your behaviors can
determine your risk of developing CVD
 Tobacco Use
 High blood pressure
 High Cholesterol
 Physical Inactivity
 Excess Weight
 Stress
 Drug and Alcohol Use

13.  There are some risk factors which we
have no control over. However, we
should be aware of them and know how
they influences our health.
 Heredity
 Gender
 Age

14.  What is it?
Uncontrollable growth
of abnormal cells
 Tumor: Abnormal mass
of tissue that has no
natural role in the
body
 Benign: Noncancerous
 Malignant: Cancerous,
spread to other tissues,
blood or lymph's.

15.  Lymphomas:
Cancers of the
immune system
 Leukemia's: Cancers
of the blood-forming
organs
 Carcinomas:
Cancers of the
glands and body
linings
 Sacromas: Cancers
of connective tissue

16.  Exposure to UV
radiation
 Genetic Factors
 Alcohol use
 Physical inactivity
 Exposure to
cigarette smoke
 HPV
 Undescended
testicle
 Surgery
 Radiation
 Chemotherapy
 Immunotherapy
 Hormone therapy

17.  Chronic disease that affects the way
body cells convert food into energy
 1 million new cases each year
 Type 1: Body does not produce insulin,
and glucose builds up in the blood,
starving cells of the energy they need
 Type 2: Body is unable to make enough
insulin or to use insulin properly

18.  Disability: Physical or mental impairment
that limits normal activities
 Twenty percent of adult population
have some type of disability
 Sight Impairment
 Hearing Impairment
 Motor Impairment

19.  After reviewing the slides, you should be
able to distinguish the difference
between communicable and non
communicable
 Compare and contrast risk factors
 Illustrate preventive tactics to reduce the
risk