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Conceptual Model for Assessing Recreational Safety Related to Habitat Improvement Projects
1. Conceptual Model for Assessing Recreational Safety
Related to Habitat Improvement Projects
R. Leif Embertson, MS, PE
Salmon Recovery Funding Board – Salmon Habitat Conference
April 27, 2011
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2. Approach
Recreational user safety is a function of;
— Reach characteristics
— Structure characteristics
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4. Reach Factors
Define the recreational use (continued)
— Ability of users
1 2 3
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5. Reach Factors
Define the geomorphic indices
— Channel type
1 2 3
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6. Reach Factors
Define the geomorphic indices (continued)
— Channel gradient
— Channel stability
1 2
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7. Reach Factors
Define the geomorphic indices (continued)
— Frequency of natural large wood*
wood
• Low (<25th percentile(%))
• Moderate (>25th and <75th %)
• High (>75th %)
*.Fox, M., S. Bolton, 2007. A Regional and Geomorphic
Reference for Quantities and Volumes of Instream
Wood in Unmanaged Forested Basins of Washington
State. North American Journal of Fisheries
Management 24:342-359, March 1, 2007.
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8. Structure Factors
What is location of the structure?
— Outside of a channel bend?
— Within wetted area during recreational flow?
SOUTH FORK NOOKSACK SOUTH FORK NOOKSACK
SKOOKUM REACH FOBES REACH
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9. Structure Factors
What are the
structure
characteristics?
— St i
Strainer
potential
— Structure type*
*.Abbe, T.B. and D.R.Montgomery. 2003.
Patterns and Processes of Wood
Accumulation in the Queets River Basin,
Washington. Geomorphology 51:81-107.
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10. Structure Factors
What is the avoidance
potential?
— Sight Distance
— Can the structure be
portaged?
— Wading safety factor
(WSF)*
WSF = Velocity*Depth
*.Abt, S.R., Wittler, R.J., Taylor, A., and D.J. Love,
1989.
1989 Human stability in a high flood hazard zone zone.
American Water Resources Association, Water
Resources Bulletin, 25(4) 881-889, August 1989.
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12. Project Example
Cavanaugh Island
Restoration South Fork
Nooksack River
Objectives
1. Increase duration and
amount of flow within
side channel
2. Increase pool habitat
3. Promote forested island
stability
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15. So Now What…
Risk can be mitigated through
— Public education/outreach
— Public notification
— Signage
— Monitoring
— Adapti e management
Adaptive
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