It contains cause ,symptoms& treatment

1. MEASLES
Prepared by:
Himangshu Sharma.
B.Pharma
Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Dibrugarh University , Assam
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2. CONTENTS
 Introduction to Measles.
 Defination.
 About the Measles Virus-Its entry in human body and
Evolution.
 What is MEASLES??
 What are the Symptoms of MEASLES??
 How is MEASLES diagnosed??
 Possible Complications of MEASLES.
 Treatment of Measles.
 MEASLES immunization.
 Reference
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3. INTRODUCTION
Its an infection of respiratory
system, immune system and skin
caused by a virus, specially a
paramyxovirus.
Also known as Morbilivirus or
Rubeola.
Incubation Period is 7-10 days.
Spreads through
respiration(contact with fluid from
infected person’s nose and
mouth)and is highly contagious.
Period of infectivity-4 to 9 days.
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4. DEFINITION
 Measles is an acute highly contagious viral disease
caused by the measles virus. it is characterized by
fever,URT catarrhal inflamation,koplik’s spots and
maculopapules.
 Measles is characterized by small red dots appearing
on the surface of the skin, irritation of the eyes
(especially on exposure to light), coughing, and a
runny nose. About 12 days after first exposure, the
fever, sneezing, and runny nose appear.
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5. MEASLES VIRUS
Measles virus (MeV) is a
single stranded,negetive-
sense, enveloped RNA virus
of the-
 Family-Paramyxoviridae.
 Genus-Morbilivirus.
o Humans are the natural hosts
of the virus, no animal
reservoirs are known to exist.
Electron Micrograph
of Measles virus
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6. ENTRY OF THE VIRUS
 The measles virus has two envelope glycoproteins on
the viral surface-hemagglutin(H) and membrane
fusion protein(F). The protein are responsible forhost
cell binding and invasion.
EVOLUTION
o The measles virus evolved from the formerly
widespread rinderpest virus, which infects
cattles.
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7. WHAT IS MEASLES??
Measles is a highly infectious illness
caused by a virus. The virus lives in the
mucus of the nose and the throat of people.
Physical contact, sneezing can spread the
infection. In addition, infected droplets of
mucus can remain active and contagious for
around two hours. This means that the virus
can live outside the body-for example ,on
surfaces and door handles. 7

8. WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF MEASLES??
 Once a person is infected with the virus, the virus multiples in
the back of the persons throat and in lungs. It then spread
throughout the body. The following are the most common
symptoms of measles-
 A high temperature, sore eyes, and a runny nose usually occur
first.
 Small white spots usually develop inside the mouth a day or so
later. This can persist for several days.
 A harsh dry cough,Diarrhoea or vomiting is common.
 A red blotchy rash normally develops about three to four days
after the first symptoms. It usually start on the head and neck
,and spreads down the body. It takes 2-3 days to cover most of
the body. The rash often turns .a brownish colour and gradually
fades over a few day
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9. Most persons are better within 7-10 days. An
irritating cough may persist for several days after
other symptoms have gone. The immune system
makes antibodies during the infection. This fight off
the virus and then provide life long immunity. It is
therefore for rare to have more than one bout of
measles.
Some people mistake rashes caused by other
viruses for measles. Measles is not just a mild red
rash that soon goes. The measles virus causes
unplesent,and sometime serious,illness.The rash is
just a part of the illness. 9

10. HOW IS MEASLES DIAGNOSED??
 Physicians will usually be able to diagnose
measles from the combinations of the
symptoms, specially the characteristics, rash
and the small spots inside the
mouth.However,a simple blood or saliva test
is usually done to confirm diagnosis.
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11. POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS OF MEASLES
 Complications are more likely in children with a
poor immune system, those who are malnourished,
children aged under five years and adults.
 More common complications are-
a. Conjunctivitis(Eye infection)
b. Inflammation of the voice box
c. Ear infection
d. Infection of airways,such as bronchitis and
croup,are common.
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12. Table Depicting the Complication to Organ system by
Measles
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13. TREATMENT OF MEASLES
 There is no specific medicine that kills the measles
virus. Treatment aim to ease symptom until the
body’s immune system clears the infection. For most
cases rest and simple measure to reduce fever are
adviced.Symptoms will usually disappear within 10
days.
Following measure are useful:
1. Should drink excess water to avoid dehydration.
2. Paracetamol or ibuprofen can be taken to reduce
fever.
3. Antibiotics are prescribed if complication appears.
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14. MEASLES IMMUNIZATION
Two doses of vaccine are
usual-the first for
children aged between
12-13 month and second
usually given at the age
3-5 years.Immunisation
gives excellent
protection and so
measles is now
comparatively rare. 14

15. REFERENCE
1. “Etiology from Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics”,19th
Edition, Part XVII, Section 13, Chapter 238.
2. “The Journal of Infectious Disease” Topic-The Clinical
Significance of Measles: A Review. Published by:
Oxford Journal.
3. Wakefield AJ, Montgomery SM. “Measles virus as a risk
for inflammatory bowel disease: an usually tolerant
approach. Published by-Am J Gastroentrol,Edition
2000,page 1389-1392.
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