Simple Essay Structure

Simple And Perfect Tense
Verb Tenses Verb tenses give information about when an action took place. I believe that
consciously or unconsciously, many of you write with wrong verb tenses. It is your strong desire
to acquire the skill of choosing the right tense to indicate your meaning in your sentences. In this
lesson, you will be presented the simple and perfect tenses. The lesson will help you identify the
verb in a sentence and express the various tenses of verbs correctly. At the end of the lesson, you are
expected to: identify verb in a sentence distinguish simple past, simple present from simple future
tenses distinguish present, past,and future perfect tenses use the simple tenses and perfect tenses
correctly Reviewing VerbsIn an earlier lesson, you were able to identify the subject and predicate of a
...show more content...
The word perfect in verb may mean the action was "made completed" or "completely done". The
structure of the perfect tenses: Present Perfect = has/have + past participle (has + played : has
played) helping verb "has" + played (participle form of the verb to have) Note: has for singular
subject; have for plural subject Past Perfect Tense = had + past participle (had+ played : had
played) Future Perfect Tense = will/shall + have+ past participle (will/shall + have + played:will
/shall have played) Present Perfect Tense UsesExamples 1.It names an action that began in the past,
leads up to, and includes the presentoShe has worked here for many years. o My office mates have
attended many sports events. 2.It expresses continued actionoZeny has worn eyeglasses all her life.
o Naida has listened to her favorite songs
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Unit 7 Protein Analysis
In UNIT 7 you learned about the basics structure as well as the basic functions of deoxyribonucleic
acid. You learned that deoxyribonucleic acid carries an "instruction manuel" to produce proteins that
are responsible for passing traits from your parents to you. As you demonstrated in the previous
activity, deoxyribonucleic acid is made of four nucleotides base pairs: adenine, thymine, cytosine,
and guanine. They are often abbreviated as A, T, C, and G. The uniqueness of deoxyribonucleic acid
is not particularly in just these 4 subunits, but how they are arranged. In this activity you will recreate
protein synthesis.

Plant Cell Structures
Name: Ezeugo Okechukwu David
Date: 5/16/17
Instructors name: Mathew Routh
Assignment: SCIE207 Phase 2 Lab Report
Title: Animal and Plant Cell Structures
Animal cell
NumberCell structureDescription and Function
1Nuclear pore This is a protein lined channel or Microscopic channel which allows ions and small
molecules in and out of nucleus
2Chromatin (DNA)It consists of DNA and histones, it helps to put the DNA into a small Volume
and serves as a body that helps to control DNA and expression.
3NucleolusIt is located inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cell and sits in the nucleus and assembles the
ribosomes
4Nuclear envelopIt separates the nucleus from cytoplasm in the eukaryotic cells and It encloses the
nucleus and allows content to move...show more content...
16Peroxisomes Organelle present in the cytoplasm of many cells, bound by a single membrane and
roughly spherical.
17Plasma membrane Every living cells possess a plasma membrane which encloses their content.
18CentriolesAn organelle which is made up of protein strands called microtubules. that makes
copies of themselves and helps divide cells
19Golgi bodyA layered organelle located near the nucleus which is present in most eukaryotic cells.
It processes a bundle lipids and protein as they are synthesized within the cell
20Centrosome An organelle located inside the nucleus of a cell which are made from two centrioles.
They help to organize microtubules which are utilized during cell

Essay about the human brain
In this paper one will learn the different parts of the brain and their functions. Although the brain isn't
the largest organ of the human body it is the most complex and controlling organ. It is amazing how
complicated the brain is. The brain controls every action within and out of your body. The brain has
main areas that contain different areas that have specific functions. For instance the basal ganglia
holds the lentiform and the caudate.
The brain isn't just "THE BRAIN" it is actually a group of many parts. They help to inform the brain
on the things going on with the human body. The brain is split in to two main parts, the left and the
right hemisphere. The left hemisphere has about the same areas as the right hemisphere. The only
...show more content...
The corpus callosum is a bundle of nerves that connects the two hemispheres. The area that passes
and processes information concerning touch, pain, temperature, and pressure on skin is the
thalamus. The limbic system controls your behavior and emotions. It is involved in emotions such
as fear, rage, pleasure, and sorrow. In the prefrontal area of the frontal lobe emotional traits are
controlled. In the temporal lobe expressed behavior is controlled. The parietal lobe discriminates
sensory. The occipital lobe is where visual interpretation takes place. Pons is a crossroad for nerves
going up to the cortex, to the cerebellum and then down the spinal cord. The cortex is the outer gray
area where thinking takes place. The olfactory cortex receives senses from the nose that it then sorts
out. The area that identifies what we see by working out movements, colors, and shapes is the visual
cortex. The area that receives taste senses is called gustatory cortex. The area responsible for
analyzing data, performing memory functions, learning new information, forming thoughts, and
making decisions is the cerebral cortex. The motor cortex is involved in muscle movement. The
cerebellum is vital when carrying out complicated, skilled movements. It is much like a mini brain.
If before you read this paper you thought the brain was a "one man machine" I'm sure your opinion
has changed after reading his paper. It is amazing how god has created the brain to have so many
areas

Structure Of Protein Essay
The Structure of Proteins
Introduction
Campbell and Farrell define proteins as polymers of amino acids that have been covalently joined
through peptide bonds to form amino acid chains (61). A short amino acid chain comprising of
thirty amino acids forms a peptide, and a longer chain of amino acids forms a polypeptide or a protein
. Each of the amino acids making up a protein, has a fundamental design that comprises of a central
carbon or alpha carbon that is bonded to a hydrogen element, an amino grouping, a carboxyl
grouping, and a unique side chain or the R–group (Campbell and Farrell 61).
Proteins serve a myriad of functions whether within or outside of the cells. These functions include
structural roles (cytoskeleton), transport of...show more content...
The primary protein structure can be likened to a human chain in which each person is assumed to
be an amino acid and their hands viewed as the carboxyl and amino groups. The person on one end
of the chain, who has a free left hand, is assumed to be the free carboxyl group. The person on the
other end, who has a free right hand, is assumed to be the free amino group. Everyone in this chain
has a left hand linked to somebody's right hand and a right hand linked to somebody else's left hand
forming peptide bonds. The heads and legs just like the side chains and hydrogens, do not take part
in the linking.
In most instances, protein molecules are usually embedded from hundreds to thousands of amino
acids. A repertoire of twenty different amino acids, joined in any possible sequence allows the
existence of an inconceivably large number of proteins that is infinite in nature.
2.Secondary Structure of Proteins
Bettelheim, Brown, Campbell and Farrell assert that polypeptide chains do not extend in straight
lines but rather they fold in various ways and give rise to a large number of three–dimensional
structures (594). This folding or conformation of amino acids in the localized regions of the
polypeptide chains defines the secondary structure of proteins. The main force responsible for the
secondary structure is the non–covalent

My Family Structure
I grew up in a nuclear family. There are four people in my family, consists of my father, mother,
my sister and me. My father is 62 years old. He's working as a insurance agent. My mother is 10
years younger than my father. She used to work as a store manager before she gave birth to me.
She quitted her job in order to take care of me and my sister because she believes that the mother
daughter bond can grow stronger day by day by spending time with us. My sisters and I are four
years apart. She is currently studying in Tsun Jin Independent School. Even though we fought a lot
growing, got mad at each other, but she is still my one and only sister and that's all that matters. I
think is normal for siblings to fight despite the age difference...show more content...
I am also aware of my role as a student, studying and doing the best I can to score in my exams so
that in the future I may provide a higher living standard to my family. For my sister, apart from also
being a student like myself, she basically carries the role of the helper at home. Unlike myself, she
spends a lot of time at home with mom while I'm out doing assignments and juggling college life.
By spending a lot of time at home, she spends more time with my mom, helping her with house
chores. With all these roles, comes rules as well, my parents have always given my sister and I
curfews. It is understandable because of all the crime rates shooting sky high these days, our parents
just wants us to be safe. Another important rule set by my parents is that all family members must
have dinner together. This is so that all of us can have our bonding time as a family. Communication
is the knot that ties it all and it is no doubt the most important thing needed in any kind of
relationship. For my family, the communication methods that we practice are pretty much very
decent. My parents, after years and years of being together, they can understand each other very
well. They can understand each other without even saying a word, just a face expression would do.
My parents communicate differently as compared to when they communicate with my sister and
myself. This is because of the hieratical

Structure and function of macromolecules within a living organism 'Some biological molecules in
organisms are small and simple containing only one or a few functional groups, others are large,
complex assemblies called macromolecules' [1].
The term macromolecule is convenient because the bulk properties of a macromolecule differ from
those of smaller molecules. These large chemical compounds have a high molecular weight
consisting of a number of structural units linked together by covalent bonds, giving them a variety
of structures and functions in the body. Macromolecules (also known as supermolecules) are
commonly grouped into four major categories: proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates.
These are mainly composed of...show more content...
It is often referred to as heredity material for its role in storing and transfering genetic material. The
other form of nucleic acid is ribonucleic acid (RNA). RNA copies sections of the long molecules of
DNA inside the nucleus, moving out to the rest of the cell to use the structure to direct the synthesis
of proteins. The nucleotide sequence of the mRNA is translated into an amino acid sequence of a
protein. in the polypeptide
Carbohydrates are a loosely defined group of molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
in a 1:2:1 ratio. These compounds are produced naturally by green plants from carbon dioxide and
water and are important as foods as they supply energy to the body and are used in the production
of fats. There are three main classes of carbohydrates: monosaccharides, disaccharides and
polysaccharides.
Monosaccharides are the simple sugars like fructose and glucose, whereas disaccharides include
lactose, maltose, and sucrose. Upon hydrolysis, a disaccharide molecule yields two
monosaccharide molecules. Polysaccharides include cellulose, dextrin, glycogen, and starch; they
are polymeric compounds made up of the simple sugars and can be hydrolyzed to yield simple
sugars. The disaccharides are sometimes grouped with the simpler polysaccharides (usually those
made up of three or four simple sugar units) to form a class of carbohydrates called the
oligosaccharides.
Like carbohydrates, lipids also contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen but

How does the structure and function of proteins and enzymes relate to each other?
A protein has multiple existing structures, these are the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary
structures which occur progressively. A protein is essentially a sequence of amino acids which are
bonded adjacently, and interact with one another in various ways depending on the R group that the
amino acid contains. There are 20 different amino acids which are able to be arranged in any given
order, thus giving rise to a potential 2.433x1018 (4.s.f) different combinations, and therefore
interactions between the various amino acids.
Prior to the determination of the primary structure, the RNA strand undergoes splicing which alters
the sequence. During splicing introns are removed and exons are randomly re–arranged in a random
order. There is 2 problems with this model of attempting to estimate the protein a sequence will form
from RNA. Firstly depending on the place of the body at which splicing is occurring, different
introns will be removed and also secondly, we need to know which random order the exons will
shuffle themselves into.
The various interactions which can occur include the following:
1)Hydrogen Bonds – These arise between the R–CO–R and the R–NH–R, and increase the boiling
point of the structure of the enzyme as more energy is required to break the intermolecular bonds.
This means that the enzyme can function at a higher than normal temperature.
2)Disulphide bridges – These

Essay about Crime
Crime
In general the definition of a crime is an act punishable by law, usually considered an evil act.
Crime refers to many types of misconduct forbidden by law. Crimes include such things as murder,
stealing a car, resisting arrest, possession or dealing of illegal drugs, being nude in public , drunk
driving, and bank robbery. Crime is an act that has been timeless and has been committed practically
since the start of time. For example, ever since Cain killed his brother Abel (B.C.), people being
charged with witchcraft in the 1600's, prostitution, to the current crimes of modern day(A.D.). Even
though crime has existed throughout time it has progressed and branched out taking many types
forms....show more content...
Crimes are frequently classified according to their seriousness as felonies or misdemeanors.
Generally, felonies are more serious than misdemeanors. Under the federal criminal law system,
felonies are crimes for which the punishment is death or imprisonment for more than a year. A
misdemeanor is punishable by a fine or by imprisonment for less than a year. In most states persons
convicted of felonies are sent to state prisons, while those guilty of misdemeanors serve their
sentence in city, or county jails, or correction houses.
Crimes against people include assault, kidnapping, murder, and sexual attacks. Such crimes usually
bring severe punishments. Crimes against property include arson, automobile theft, burglary,
embezzlement, forgery, fraud, larceny, and vandalism. In most cases, these crimes carry lighter
penalties than the crimes set against the person. Robbery is the crime most difficult to classify. The
law considers robbery a crime against the person or against the property, according to the case.
Robbery may involve simply stealing property from another person, but when a personal encounter
occurs between the robber and his victim, it may include violence and bodily harm. This usually
occurs during muggings or other strong–arm robberies.

Essay on Legal Forms of Business
An average person has an innovative plan to start a business. It begins with an idea but what
should they do afterwards. If someone wants to start a business they must ask themselves several
questions. What is the size of the business? What level of control do they want to have? What are
the business risk and vulnerabilities? What are the initial startup expenses? All of these questions
will help them decide which legal form of business they should choose. As a legal form can have
significant implications for your personal risk in the business as well as your potential for financial
returns (Page 6 of 17 – How to Incorporate | Inc.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.inc.com
/how–to–incorporate/130). The three different types of legal...show more content...
Sole proprietorship is a business with one owner. The owner is the business, and the business is the
owner (We've got the Answers– Northwest Texas Small Buiness...(n.d.). Retrieved from
http:www.nwtsbdc.org/FAQ_Answers.htm). Sole proprietorship is the quickest and easiest way
to start a business. Having little to no financial assistance, sole proprietorship is the least expensive
of the three business forms. The advantages of a sole proprietorship are being your own boss, low
start–up cost, and comprehensible legal setup. Business profits are not shared with anyone else
since there are no partners. One of the disadvantages of a sole proprietorship is unlimited liability
meaning the owner is personally liable for all debts ensued. It is also difficult to secure funds to
expand the business if needed. A partnership is the same as a sole proprietorship except there is
more than one owner. Since there is more than one business owner, owners will share all profits
and responsibility. The owner and their partners and business are not separate entities. Personal
liability is a considerable drawback to partnerships, because each owner is not a separate entity and
is liable for all debt and the other owner's actions. The start–up expenses are higher for a partnership
than a sole proprietorship, due to legal fees needed to form a partnership. Partners are also taxed as
individuals on their personal tax returns. Partnership provides more

What Makes A Person Beautiful?
There are many ways to define beauty, but I feel like society plays a huge role in how beauty is
portrayed to women. I believe that society focuses more on what a person looks like than what they
actually do for society. What makes someone beautiful is what they have on the inside and who they
are. Qualities that beautiful people have are: kindness, honesty, respect, confidence, generosity,
positivity, and willingness to help others when they are in need. Society diminishes this ideal by
telling people what is and what is not beautiful. What should make a person beautiful is how they
treat people, their poise, and how they give back to the community.
I feel as though what society puts in the media makes people feel undesirable; as though they are not
accepted in society for meeting the expectations society puts in the media. People such as
BeyoncГ©, or Michelle Obama are viewed as "beautiful" in the American society. Society thinks
women should be skinny, with a perfect smile, tall, long hair, with large assets. Society shouldn 't
only focus on how a person looks, but on the character of that person, and how they treat others
within their family or community. BeyoncГ© stated; "We all have our imperfections. But I 'm
human, and you know, it 's important to concentrate on other qualities besides outer beauty." I feel as
though what BeyoncГ© stated here is that there is so much more to a person than what they look
like. Their contributions, personality, and how they make people

Simpl Simple Diffusion
Cells contain a great deal of material within them, like: cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria, and
genetic material, which are found in both eukaryote and prokaryote cells. In order to maintain a
stable environment between these independent elements, cells need to manage what goes in and
what goes out of them. This is called homeostasis, a unifying principle of biology that is only
possible thanks to the cell membrane.
All cells, including plant and animal cells, have a cell membrane. The cell membrane is made out of
a phospholipid bilayer, which contain polar heads and nonpolar tails. This unique structure assists in
regulating homeostasis by controlling what goes in and what goes out of the cell. Most molecules
like oxygen and carbon dioxide have no trouble going through the cell membrane, which is possible
because they are small nonpolar molecules, sharing an equal amount of electrons among the atoms.
This is known as simple diffusion....show more content...
Because it does not require energy to force the molecules in or out, it is considered a passive
transport, moving along with the concentration gradient. The concentration gradient is a process
where molecules move from a higher concentration to a low concentration.
Transport proteins are proteins in the cell membrane that help molecules that are too large to cross
the cell membrane on their own. Some transport proteins may act as channels, changing their shape
or opening and closing to get things across. This is known as facilitated diffusion because the
proteins are facilitating (or helping) things

Essay On Business Structure
When brainstorming to start a business, it is essential to research the most efficient way to start a
company and all the liabilities that can happen. Business can become successful with the right
person in place and a unique idea. When making a company, it is crucial to determine the structure,
which organization to start with and the liability that is involved. When taking a closer look at five
different company structures Sole Proprietorship, General Partnership, Limited Partnership, S/C
Corporation, and Limited Liability. Which have not honored the contract and are at risk for legal
actions. The various liabilities between each owner will be discussed. Which will analyze ways to
limit liability and display my future business...show more content...
Now, A partnership is formed between two individuals and the agreement should be in a contract
form or writing. The next two types that are discussed are general partnership and limited
partnership. Silverbrand (2008) stated Partnerships are the primary form of business which larger
companies begin (p.167). Partnerships are simple to start, no required registration only within
certain states, and can end quite rapidly. A general partnership is where each partner is equal to
liability or any litigation consequences. In a limited partnership, the liability is limited equal to the
amount the limited partners at first invested. In fact, sometimes limited partners do not make
business decisions but, own stock within the company. Basically, an LLC, with its hybrid nature,
"provides owners...with the limited liability protection of a corporation, but without the potential
for double taxation" (Jordan & Clark, 1197). The income created from a general partnership of a
business is taxed as income earned by the person working for a different company. When starting a
partnership it is best to discuss the amount of liability that each partner is responsible for. Which,
will help when looking at the type of litigation described.
The most recognized companies are Corporations and LLC's. According to Sonderquist (2000)
Corporations are similar to limited partnerships

Deoxy Dna Research Paper
Deoxy ribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains genetic instructions used to grow and
develop all the organisms. The main role of the DNA molecule is the long–term storage of genetic
information. DNA is often compared to a set of maps, because it contains the instructions needed to
make all other components of the cell, such as protein molecules and RNA (Ribonucleic Acid). DNA
fragments carrying genetic information are called genes, but other segments in the DNA chain also
have construction goals or are involved in regulating the use of this genetic information.
DNA is chemically a long polymer of simple building blocks called nucleotides, whose framework
consists of sugars and phosphate groups that are linked by steric bonds....show more content...
The stairs of this ladder are bases and their two bases of phosphate and sugar groups in one form.
The joints connected to a DNA chains complement the chains attached to the DNA. If there is an
A on chain 1, T will be opposite on chain 2, and if there is a T on chain 1, A will be opposite to
chain 2. The same way the pairing between C and G occurs. Two pairs of hydrogen bonding are
approximately the same length. As a result, the two double helix chains are spaced apart.
DNA is organized within structures called chromosomes. These chromosomes are doubly replicated
prior to cell division in a process called DNA replication. In eukaryotes, like animals, plants and
fungi, DNA is located within the cell nucleus, while in prokaryotes, like bacteria, DNA is located
within the cell cytoplasm. In chromosomes, chromatin proteins such as "histones" cause the DNA to
be condensed and organized. This dense structure guides the interaction between DNA and other
proteins and helps for controlling that which DNA sections should be copied.
DNA is soluble in water and invisible While it is insoluble in alcohol, it is deposited in it and can
be seen. That's why for extracting DNA and for it to be visible, alcohol; get used. By adding alcohol
to the solution, the straightened DNA appears in the DNA test tube.
DNA technology has many applications which some of them are briefly written

Essay about The Functions of Proteins
The Functions of Proteins
Introduction
Protein accounts for about three–fourths of the dry matter in human tissues other than fat and bone.
It is a major structural component of hair, skin, nails, connective tissues, and body organs. It is
required for practically every essential function in the body. Proteins are made from the following
elements; carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and often sulphur and phosphorus. Proteins cannot be
stored except in eggs and seeds and they form the body's main structural elements and are found in
every cell and tissue. The human body uses proteins for growth and to build and repair bones,
muscles, tissue, skin, internal organs and blood. Hormones, antibodies...show more content...
Catalysis
They serve as enzymatic catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions while remaining unchanged in
the process. Without these biological catalysts, chemical reactions would occur so slowly that life as
we know it could not exist. With them, chemical reactions can occur at rates as much as 10 billion
times faster than would be possible without enzymes. Enzymes are critical to digestion and
metabolism, they are required to release nutrients from foods so they can be absorbed and utilized by
the body. If enzymes are not present in sufficient quantities, complete digestion cannot take place.
Enzymes also keep the body's metabolic "machinery" running smoothly. In turn, vitamins and
minerals are essential for proper enzyme functioning.
Transport
Proteins are also used as transport molecules, such protein is haemoglobin which transports oxygen
in red blood cells all around the body. The main haemoglobin in adult humans is Haemoglobin A and
it contains two alpha and two beta subunits. Haemoglobin also transports carbon dioxide away from
the tissues to the lungs where it is exhaled.
Haemoglobins are a chain of polypeptide which is held in position by three types of bonds;
disulphide bond, ionic bond and hydrogen bond. Haemoglobins are formed when four Globin
molecules link together.

Basic Structures Of Operating System
OPERATING SYSTEM STRUCTURE The most useful and better approach is divide the task into
small components /modules instead of having one monolithic system so that the operating system
can function properly and can be modified easily. Input, output and functions should be clearly
defined in each of the system modules as far as we can finally come with large and complex system.
The operating system can be defined as a collection of written procedures, linked together into a
single large executable binary program. Simple structure, layered structure, microkernel,
client–server systems and virtual machines are among different structures of operating system.
1.Simple Structure Well defined structures are very important in operating systems. Scope,
functionality and well designed modules are main factor to consider to make sure the system will
satisfy user needs and provides a good service to users.MS–DOS is a good example of Simple
structure because of its history which starts with small, simple and limited system that did not
consider about the number of users and possibility of become popular operating system that can be
able to accommodate as many users as possible.MS–DOS do not consider the matter of separation
between the interfaces and levels of functionality. As Silberschatz (2013) observation on weakness
and explain the nature of MS–DOS as simple structure " Application programs are able to access the
basic I/O routines to write directly to the display and disk

Tissue in the Human Body Essay
Connective Tissue
Connective tissues are found all over our bodies. Generally, they are located in blood, fat, and
between muscles and bones. The matrix is the substance that surrounds the cell. Matrices can be
fluid or solid, depending on where they are found. They also are found to have varying degrees of
vascularity. For example, a bone would be very vascular while cartilage is avascular. Two good
property the cells of connective tissue have is that they can divide and repair themselves. The
functions of these tissues are: to bind structures, support, protect, serve as framework, store fat,
produce blood cells and repair damage.
Cell Types
There are three major cell types of connective tissue: Fibroblasts, Macrophages,...show more
content...
The proper types of connective tissue are: Loose CT or Areolar, Adipose (fat), Reticular, Dense, and
Elastic. Loose or Areolar tissues are made up of mostly fibroblast cells and collagen fibers. Their
matrices are fluid, and their purpose is to bind skin to structures. Areolar tissues are found between
muscles and beneath the skin. Adipose tissues are made up of mostly adipocyte cells and have no
fibers; they also have minimal matrix. Their functions are to store fat, insulate, and cushion. Adipose
tissues are found behind the eyes and beneath the skin. Reticular tissues are made up of mostly
fibroblasts and white blood cells, and they have reticular fibers. Their matrices are jelly–like. Their
function is support. Reticular tissues are found in the walls of the liver and spleen and other
lymphatic organs. Dense connective tissues are made up of fibroblasts and packed collagenous
fibers as well as elastic fibers. Their matrices are more solid. Their function is binding. Dense
connective tissues are found in tendons and ligaments. Elastic connective tissues are made up
mostly of fibroblast cells and elastic and collagenous fibers. Their matrices are also jelly–like. Their
function is attaching and stretching. Elastic tissues are found in airways, the heart, and large arteries.
As I mentioned before there are also three types of specialized connective tissues: Bone, Cartilage,
and Blood. Bone

Protein Function
Proteins are large complex molecules that have many roles in the human body, as well as other
organisms. It is made of hundreds of small monomers called amino acids that when combined
produces a unique 3–dimensional structure to serve a specific function/purpose. A protein has
several functions from the transportation of oxygen in the body e.g. haemoglobin to just as simple as
an enzyme e.g. maltase to break down maltose.
The structure of a protein is a complex and dense arrangement, consisting of four levels of
understanding. Firstly, the primary structure is simply the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide
chain. This determines the rest of the protein structure. After this, the primary structure can fold into
an alpha helix and a Beta pleated sheet. Many hydrogen bonds between the chain make it a stable
and strong structure. Next is the tertiary structure, which is the most important in terms of
specificity, as every protein has a unique tertiary structure, which is responsible for its properties and
function. Weak hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds and disulphide bridges hold this structure together.
Finally, the quaternary structure...show more content...
Enzymes have an active site that has a unique tertiary structure, which is complementary to a given
substrate. When the substrate fits into the active site, it forms an enzyme substrate complex. The
amino acids around the active site form weak hydrogen bonds and Ionic bonds with the substrate
molecule. An example of this reaction is the enzyme lactase, which has a complementary active site
to lactose. Another disaccharide like sucrose or a monosaccharide like glucose cannot be broken
down by Lactase, as they do not have the correct shaped substrate and the specific tertiary structure.
This shows the great importance of the structure of

Essay about Structuralism
Structuralism
Structuralism is a mode of thinking and a method of analysis practiced in 20th–century social
sciences and humanities; it focuses on recurring patterns of thought and behaviour – it seeks to
analyse social relationships in terms of highly abstract relational structures. Structuralism is
distinctly different from that applied to Radcliffe–Brown – it involves more the bio and
psychological aspect of human studies rather than social structures. Claude Levi–Strauss was the one
to pioneer structuralism; he suggested that cultural phenomena such as myths, art, kinship systems
and language display certain ordered patterns or structures. With these, he believed that the structure
of the human mind could be revealed. He reasoned...show more content...
All cultures think in to terms of opposites so as to classify–meaning we must be able to distinguish
between things. For example, life, death; spirit, body; black, white; red, green (stop and go) – these
words alone do not carry much significance; they have a meaning and that's it – basic facts. We take
the words as they are by use of external references from what society acknowledges to it to be. A pen
is not an eraser because society has accepted it to be a pen.
Levi–Strauss argued that culture is to be understood as a surface phenomenon which reveals the
universal human tendency to order and classify experiences and dynamics. He compared people's
language to the 'rules' that govern society, in that the governed are largely unconscious of what they
know. He compared speech – the use of sounds and rules, mainly in the form of sentences to the
ideas and behaviour that result from the application of largely unconscious social rules. Members
of a society are much more likely to be conscious of their actual ideas and behaviours than they are
of the deeply structured rules that make these ideas and behaviours possible, but the ideas and
behaviours of a given group of people, according to Strauss, can only be understood once the "deep"
structures in their minds can be discovered. He says that human responses are largely dissimilar, and
that the surface structure is what will consequently show different

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