I presented our paper "Persuasion and Reflective Learning: Closing the Feedback Loop" at Persuasive 2012. What are the similarities between reflective learning and persuasive technology? What can we learn from the two research directions to support changes in behavior using technology?

1. Persuasion and Reflective Learning:
Closing the Feedback Loop
Lars Müller, Verónica Rivera-Pelayo and Stephan Heuer
FZI Research Center for Information Technology Karlsruhe
Persuasive 2012, 7th June 2012
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2. Agenda
▪ Introduction & Motivation
▪ Persuade or support reflection?
▪ Closing the feedback loop
▪ Summary
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3. Introduction
Desired behavioral changes at work are often very
complex
“I want to treat my patients better.”
“I need to reduce my stress.”
“I would like to improve my
communication and teaching skills.”
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4. MIRROR Reflective Learning at Work
▪ Learn by observing others and from experiences
▪ Support learning-on-the-job and experience sharing
▪ Learning by reflection on observed practices and collected
data
▪ Focus on acquisition of
tacit knowledge
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5. Motivation
Encouraging
reflection Persuading
Induce change in
behavior
 Support by using information technology
 Both use feedback loops
Can both fields of research learn from each other?
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6. Reflective Learning
refers to “those intellectual and affective activities in which individuals engage to
explore their experiences in order to lead to new understandings and
appreciations“ (Boud et. al)
D. Boud, R. Keogh, and D. Walker. Reflection: Turning Experience into Learning, chapter Promoting Reflection in Learning: a
Model., pages 18-40. Routledge Falmer, New York, 1985.
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7. Persuasive Technology
Use of capturing approaches to provide persuasive feedback
 Capture behavior and rate it
 Provide reinforcement
Limited number of domains
 Clear Goals
 Specific Behavior http://jawbone.com/up
 Behavior that can be measured
http://dub.washington.edu/projects/ubifit
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8. Persuade or Support Reflection
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9. Persuade or Support Reflection
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10. Example: Jawbone UP
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11. Reflection: A matter of guidance?
Influencing behavior using captured data
▪ Guidance reduces responsibility and effort for the user
▪ Reduces control
 Ethical implications
Computer
Supported
Reflective
Learning
Amount of Guidance
Awareness/ Reflection Persuasion Coercion
Mindfulness
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12. Complex goals
Growing number of data sources
 Harder to interpret
 Difficult to link to a goal
C B
Unknown target behavior
 User decides
 Cognitive Dissonance Theory
A
 Cognitive effort
Three possibly conflicting representations of behavior
 A) What really happened in a situation
 B) What the person believes had happened
 C) What tools have captured about that event
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13. Requirements for capturing behavior
Reflective Learning: Persuasive Technology:
Capturing experiences Capture specific behavior
General capturing Select best capturing
approach approach
Select relevant data Rate behavior
Trigger reflection Provide Reinforcement
Change in behavior
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14. Closing the Feedback Loop
Persuasive Technology already measures behavior
 Ask the user
 Benefit for capturing?
 Is the data reliable?
 Using of-the-shelf sensors
 Accelerometers
 Biosensors
 Smart Meters
 Biosensors
Which data should be captured to support reflection?
 All data?
 Quantiative vs. Experiential
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15. Unpredictability of relevance
Which data can help predict relevance?
 Affective context by psychophysiological sensors
http://www.affectiva.com/q-sensor/
 Social Interaction
 computer mediated communication
 face to face interaction
 Task context
 Augment tools
http://hd.media.mit.edu/badges/
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16. Conclusion
Results
 Outlined the design space between reflective learning and persuasive
technology
 Reflection is a promising approach to induce behavioral change
 Three kinds of cues to identify relevant data for reflection
Outlook
 More data and sensors
 Can we persuade to reflect?
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17. Thank you very much
Questions?
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