1. Vacuoles
Membrane bound spaces with a cell
May be small-food storage
May be quite large like the tonoblast in plant cells
2. Tonoplast and Central Vacuole
Storage for many chemicals
Ions, proteins, water
Often plays role in tissue specific role
Pigment of flowers, toxins for defense
Can elongate to take up more or less space within cell
4. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Both are power providers of cell
Chloroplasts are like solar power plants
Mitochondria are like coal-burning plants
Both are membrane-bound organelles
Both contain their own DNA which encodes
some proteins and ribosomes specific for their
activity
Both move about within cell and divide to
form more organelles.
5. Endosymbiant Theory
Chloroplasts and Mitochondria have evolved
directly from bacteria that were internalized
into anther prokaryotic cell
Mitochondrial ancestor was effective at
respiration and utilizing complex chemicals
Chloroplast ancestor was photosynthetic and
able to derive energy from sunlight
Mutualistic relationship-where both partners
benefit from the interaction
6. Mitochondrial structure
Mitochondria is responsible for respiration
Reactions are membrane-associated
Maximized membrane surface area
Many proteins are bound to inner membrane
Cristae are folds of inner membrane
Matrix is the fluid surrounding cristae
8. Chloroplasts
Have double membrane with space in between
Have additional membrane structures called thylakoids within-where
chlorophyll is stored
Look like poker chips
Stroma surrounds thylakoids
Interaction between stroma and thylakoids is
important