V10 cr smart_simple_organs_of_the_digestive_and_excretory_system_upper_grades
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The document summarizes the key parts and functions of the human digestive system. It describes the roles of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancreas in breaking down and absorbing food. The digestive system begins breaking down food in the mouth through chewing and saliva. Food then moves to the stomach through the esophagus, where it is further broken down by acids and digestive juices, before entering the small intestine, where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. Remaining waste is passed to the large intestine for further processing and elimination. The liver and pancreas produce bile and enzymes to aid in digestion, while the gallbladder stores and releases bile.
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V10 cr smart_simple_organs_of_the_digestive_and_excretory_system_upper_grades
- 2. 2 The Digestive System • Esophagus • Stomach • Small Intestine • Large Intestine • Liver • Gall Bladder • Pancreas What has happened to the food you ate today?
- 3. 3 In the Mouth • Digestion actually begins in the mouth. • The teeth break the food into smaller pieces, and the tongue moves the pieces around so that saliva can be mixed with them. • This begins the digestion. • Then swallow, and the journey begins!
- 4. 4 Esophagus • About 10” long • Moves food from the throat to the stomach. – The muscle movement is called peristalsis. • Heartburn is when acid from the stomach gets in here.
- 5. 5 Stomach • Stores the food you eat, breaks it down into tiny pieces. • Mixes food with digestive juices. • Acid in the stomach kills bacteria. • It can stretch and shrink.
- 6. 6 Small Intestine • Small intestines are roughly 22 feet long. “Small” refers to its diameter, not its length. • Insides are coated with little ‘fingers’ called cilia to increase surface area. • Nutrients from the food pass into the bloodstream through the small intestine walls. • You can have pieces removed but it is very hard for your body to get the right nutrients.
- 7. 7 Large Intestine • About 5 feet long. • Accepts what small intestines don’t absorb. • Absorbs water and minerals from the waste matter. • You can lose a large part of this and still survive.
- 8. 8 Liver • Directly affects digestion by producing bile. – Bile helps digest fat. • Processes nutrients in the blood, filters out toxins and waste. • Is often called the body’s energy factory. • You cannot live without a liver, although you can live with a part of one. • Drinking alcohol damages the liver.
- 9. 9 Gall Bladder • Stores bile from the liver. • Delivers bile when food is digested. • Fatty diets can cause gallstones. • You can live without a gallbladder.
- 10. 10 Pancreas • Produces compounds to digest fats and proteins. • Neutralizes acids that enter small intestine. • Regulates blood sugar by producing insulin. • If it doesn’t work right you get diabetes.
- 11. 11 Fun Facts • HOW LONG ARE YOUR INTESTINES? At least 25 feet in an adult. Be glad you're not a full-grown horse -- their coiled-up intestines are 89 feet long! • Food drying up and hanging out in the large intestine can last 18 hours to 2 days! • In your lifetime, your digestive system may handle about 50 tons!!
- 12. 12
- 13. 13 On a sheet of paper, write the name of each colored organ: • Green: • Red: • Pink: • Brown: • Purple: • Green: • Yellow:
- 14. 14 Did you get the answers right? • Green: Esophagus • Red: Stomach • Pink: Small Intestine • Brown: Large Intestine • Purple: Liver • Green: Gall Bladder • Yellow: Pancreas Great Job!
- 15. 15 References and Links • Your Digestive System and How It Works: http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/yrdd/Your_Digestive_Sys.pdf – Digestive system diagram comes from this site • The Real Deal on the Digestive System http://kidshealth.org/kid/body/digest_SW_p2.html • Pancreas: Introduction and Index http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/pancreas/i ndex.html • Your Gross and Cool Body – Digestive System http://yucky.discovery.com/flash/body/pg000126.html
Editor's Notes
- A good way to describe peristalsis is an ocean wave moving through the muscle. These diagrams don’t separate the esophagus from the mouth functions, you might want to talk about what happens in the mouth too.
- The stomach takes around 4 hours to do its job on the food, depending on what kinds of food are digested.
- Depending on the maturity of the group, you can talk about the feces leaving via the anus. Mention the appendix at the bottom of the ascending colon and that it might have been used long ago but is not today Mention the portions of the large intestine, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, and rectum (last one if the audience is mature enough)
- Livers can regenerate missing pieces if necessary. Is one of the largest organs in the body.
- Explain to students that removing the stones typically means removing the gallbladder, but that the body eventually adjusts to not having the bile stored.
- Explain the difference between the two types of diabetes. In type 1, the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin. In type 2, the body stops responding properly to the insulin it creates.