2. A Quick resume Taken from her ‘Ray of Light’ album in 1998, the Frozen video features Madonna as an enigmatic being in the middle of the Californian desert. The video features only her. Using minimal mise-en-scene and no props, the video manages to captivate the audience with a series of camera shots and grades to convey the song lyrics in which Goodwin claims will have some reference to the music video. The director, Chris Cunningham, is a well established video director with a string of feature successes, working with artists including Shakespears Sister and Aphex twins. The director has trademark likings when it comes to directing videos. He tends to adopt the abnormal approach , whilst making sure he does not fall into the predictable commercial category. Ray of Light-1998 The Aphex Twins Chris Cunningham