3. • IQ is one of the most researched areas
in the field of psychology.
• Despite of all this research, psychologist
have been able to come to any
agreement as to what constitutes
intelligence and how we can measure it.
4. IQis a number indicating
your inherent ABILITY to learn,
instead of simply the knowledge
you already have.
5.
6. • IQ is a measure of relative intelligence determined by a
standardized test.
• The first intelligence test was created in 1905 by Alfred
Binet and Théophile Simon to determine which French
school children were too slow to ”benefit from regular
instruction.
• Binet came up with the idea of mental age when he
noticed that children are increasingly able to learn
difficult concepts and perform difficult tasks as they get
older.
• Most children reach the same level of complexity at about
the same time, but some children are slower reaching
those levels.
• A 6-year-old child who can do no more than a 3-year-old
has a mental age of 3. Wilhelm Stern divided the mental
age by the chronological age to get a “Mental Quotient.”
7. ADVANTAGES OF IQ
• Measuring IQ allows one to predict success in a variety of
activities and to measure a person's ability to perform socially
and compete economically.
• It reveals a person's strengths and weaknesses and highlights
talents people don't know they have, improving educational
and skills development.
• This type of testing provides a standardized method of
comparing children's abilities and performance, accurately
predicts scholastic achievement and identifies gifted students.
• This allows parents, caregivers and teachers to tailor
education to individual needs.
• IQ tests are also invaluable tools when working with
handicapped children.
8. DIS-ADVANTAGES OF IQ
IQtests have severe limitations because they restrict
people's understanding of intelligence and do not test all
situations that show intelligent behaviour.
• These tests do not consider the multidimensional nature
of intelligence and are not always accurate in predicting
success.
• Typically, IQ tests measure only verbal and
mathematical abilities despite the fact that psychologist
Howard Gardner identified at least seven types of
intelligence.
9. • Birth Order does not affect IQ.
• Lower IQ is linked with higher suicidal
feelings.
13. • Just as human intelligence is measured using IQ,
we plan to measure the intelligence of
organizations using “organizational IQ” (OIQ)
or “corporate IQ.”
• Imagine knowing that GM has an OIQ of 85 ,
IBM is rated as 105, and Microsoft at 120.
• Then assume that this metric could be used to
diagnose specific management functions and
suggest needs for improvement.
14. EXERCISE
HEALTHY DIET / VEGETERIAN
BRAIN ENTERTAINMENT
READING
MEDITATION
HOW IQ CAN BE INCREASED
15. Get physical, and exercise your body.
Keeping your body fit as well as your mind
is a great and scientifically proven way to
enhance brain power.
16. • Expand your boundaries.
Just like sitting at your desk all day is bad for your physical
self, sitting in the same mental seat all the time is bad for
your brain. To break out of that, make it a lifelong goal to
continually learn new things.
17. • Perseverance furthers.
Ignore limiting stereotypes such as "An old dog cannot
learn new tricks." Imagine the success you will feel when
you bump your IQ score up ten points! Like anything else,
your brain functions better when used. Actively exercising
your brain has even been linked to staving off problems
such as Alzheimer's Disease.
18. • Listen to music.
Not just classical music but any
music that you like. It has been
shown that by listening to music
that you enjoy improves your I.Q.
by a few points. You can also listen
to music while working, provided
it does not affect your
concentration on the task.
19. HOW CAN MANAGERS USE O.I.
TO IMPROVE PERFOMANCE….?
• INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY
• HIERARCHIAL STRUCTURE
• BETTER RELATION
• STRATEGIC PROCESS
• TEAMWORK
• PERFORMANCE
20. Intelligence is normally distributed in the population.
This means that most people get scores in the middle
range and are average in intelligence. Only a few people
get very high and very low scores. If these scores are
plotted on a graph, we get a bell shaped curve.
21. Extremes of intelligence is a term used to describe
individuals who have an IQ below 70 or above 120.
Mental retardation is the term used to describe individuals
with an IQ above 120 are commonly referred to as Gifted.
22. • Louis Thurstone rejected
Spearman’s idea of general
intelligence. Thurstone
suggested that intelligence can
be broken down into a number
of primary mental abilities.
Thurstone identified 7 Primary
Mental Abilities. These primary
mental abilities are as follows:
23. • Verbal Comprehension (V) – Understanding ideas
and word meanings.
• Word Fluency (W) – Speed in thinking of words.
24. • Perceptual Speed (P) – Ability to quickly distinguish visual
details and similarities/differences between objects.
• Memory (M) – Ability to memorize words, numbers, etc.
25. • Numerical Ability (N) – Speed and accuracy in
performing arithmetical calculations.
• Spatial Ability (S) – Ability to visualize relationships in
three dimensions.
26. • Reasoning (R) – Ability to derive a rule
from given information.
29. • Musical - Show sensitivity to rhythm and
sound. They love music, but they are also
sensitive to sounds in their environments.
They may study better with music in the
background. They can be taught by turning
lessons into lyrics, speaking rhythmically,
tapping out time. Tools include musical
instruments, music, radio, stereo, CD-
ROM, multimedia.
30.
31. • Visual-Spatial- think in terms of physical space, as do
architects and sailors. Very aware of their environments.
They like to draw, do jigsaw puzzles, read maps, daydream.
They can be taught through drawings, verbal and physical
imagery. Tools include models, graphics, charts,
photographs, drawings, 3-D modelling, video,
videoconferencing, television, multimedia, texts with
pictures/charts/graphs.
32. • Intrapersonal - understanding one's own interests, goals.
These learners tend to shy away from others. They're in tune with
their inner feelings; they have wisdom, intuition and motivation, as
well as a strong will, confidence and opinions. They can be taught
through independent study and introspection. Tools include books,
creative materials, diaries, privacy and time. They are the most
independent of the learners.
33. MEASUREMENT OF
INTELLIGENCE
• The goal of most intelligence tests is to measure, the general
intelligence factor.
• Good intelligence tests are reliable, meaning that they are
consistent over time, and also demonstrate construct validity,
meaning that they actually measure intelligence rather than
something else.
• Because intelligence is such an important individual difference
dimension, psychologists have invested substantial effort in
creating and improving measures of intelligence, and these tests
are now the most accurate of all psychological tests.
• In fact, the ability to accurately assess intelligence is one of the
most important contributions of psychology to everyday public
life.
34. • Intelligence changes with age.
• A 3-year-old who could accurately multiply
183 by 39 would certainly be intelligent, but a
25-year-old who could not do so would be
seen as unintelligent.
• Thus understanding intelligence requires that
we know the norms or standards in a given
population of people at a given age.
• The standardization of a test involves giving it
to a large number of people at different ages
and computing the average score on the test at
each age level.
35. • Intelligence emphasizes people’s performance
standardize aptitude tests.
• Aptitude test predict people’s future ability to acquire
skills or knowledge IQ test, on the other hand,
measure skills and knowledge that people have
already learned.
