WWI marked the beginning of modernist culture in Europe. The war had widespread impacts on visual culture and the arts. Governments on both sides used propaganda posters to encourage military recruitment and support for the war effort, often depicting their own citizens and soldiers in a heroic light and the enemy as barbaric. New artistic styles like Cubism and Expressionism developed during this period that broke from traditions of realism. Film also emerged as a new medium for documenting and spreading messages about the war.