Snakes on the Web; Developing web applications in python
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From kickstart 2014 tech-talks. The presentation gives an overview of web application development in python.
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Snakes on the Web; Developing web applications in python
- 1. Snakes on the web! an overview of developing web applications in .! 2014 kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 2. hi…sssssss…! • Naail Abdul Rahman! – a.k.a. @kudanai (http://kudanai.com)! • Freelance developer! – Specializing in! • back-end systems! • Mobile applications! • Web applications! • … in that order! – not so much! • UI/design/front-end stuff…! • …and part time lecturer! – Villa college, Clique College.! 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 3. – B.Sc (Physics, Math, CS)! – M.Sc (Software Engineering)! – Plenty of non-formal education! – … been around for a while now.! 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 4. Full Disclosure! • I love Python! – Use it for practically everything! • … IF I can get away with it.! • BUT…! – no delusions here! • Python has its moments! • It’s a choice! • After years of messing around with other languages.! • …also! – By “web”, I don’t necessarily mean the world- wide-web.! 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 5. 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 6. Python! • 1989 as a successor to ABC! – Guido Van Rossum! – It’s been around for a while.! • Philosophy (Zen of Python, PEP 20)! - Beautiful is better than ugly! - Explicit is better than implicit! - Simple is better than complex! - Complex is better than complicated! - Flat is better than nested! - Sparse is better than dense! - Readability counts! - …! 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 7. Python! • What it has going for it…! – Really easy to learn! – Good for pretty much anything, really! – General purpose programming! – Really descriptive! – Good congruence with mathematical conventions! – Excellent data structures! – Really good standard library! – Excellent, beautiful documentation! – Awesome community! – Python3 and its break from backwards compatibility.! 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 8. Python! – Excellent package management! – Alternative interpreters! • Jython, Iron Python etc…! • What’s not so good about it! – Interpretation lag! – Speed, in certain situations! – Was never really designed for web stuff anyway…! • Hosting support and stuff is limited, but on the rise.! – A bit harder to deploy (as opposed to, say, PHP)! – Direct database interactions can be a bit clunky! – Not so great (right now) for real-time stuff! 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 9. Python! • Who uses it?! – Google! • A large part of Google internals are written on python, like Groups, Maps, Gmail, Blogger! – Reddit! • Rebuilt on python ~2005! – Youtube! – Digg! – Dropbox! – Instagram! – Pinterest! – FriendFeed! – Quora! – … to name a few! 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 10. Python for the web! • What’s available?! – DBAPI, libraries, ORM’s, template engines and so forth…! – Frameworks and stuff! • Zope3, Pyramid/Pylons, Django, Flask, Bottle, web2py, Grok, so on and so forth…! • Hosting support and stuff! – OOTB Support! • Support on Apache, Nginx! – PAAS support! • Start a flame war…! 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 11. What’s available! • Databases! – Backbone of most modern web applications! – Support is pretty great.! – Supported databases! • Postgres! • MySQL! • IBM DB2! • MSSSQL! • Oracle! • SAP DB! • ODBC Stuff! • ADO Stuff! • SQLite! • BerkeleyDB! • MongoDB! 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 12. What’s available! • Libraries! – Extensive Python library set! • Can be installed locally as part of the project itself! – Package management via pip! – Isolate environments via Virtualenv! • Keep packages and even interpreter independent for multiple deployments! • Built-in to Python3! 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 13. What’s available! • Template engines! – Mako, Chameleon, Cheetah, Wheezy, Genshi, Jinja…! – Django template engine! • Inspired Jinja! • Also inspired things like AngularJS! – Very similar.! – There are literally hundreds out there.! • Other stuff! – LESS/SASS compilers! 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 14. What’s available! • ORM’s! – Bazaar, forgetSQL, SQLAlchemy, Django, Axiom! – Healthy pick…! 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 15. What’s available! • SQLAlchemy! – One of the best out there! – Used by:! • Reddit! • Yelp!! • Mozilla! • OpenStack! • Fedora! • Dropbox! • Surveymonkey! • Sourceforge! – Never touch SQL stuff…! 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 16. Frameworks! • Zope3! – The granddaddy of python frameworks! – Been around since 1999! – Batteries included! • Provides configurable modules for! – Authentication! – Templating! – DB handling! – Routing etc…! – I8n! – ZODB! 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 17. Frameworks! • Pylons/Pyramid! – Pylons! • Collection of tools rather than particular tech! • Pyramid is one of these! – Pyramid! • Minimalist framework inspired by Zope, Django and Pylons (the original)! • Designed to be modular! – Pick which engines to use! – Eg: popular config is Pyramid + SQLAlchemy + Jinja2! 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 18. Frameworks! • Flask! – “micro” framework! – plug in what you need! • By default uses jinj2 for templating! • Free to pick DB interaction! – SQLAlchemy is popular! – Really good at doing RESTful stuff! – Integrated unit-testing (nose)! – Very little overhead, so will fit pretty much anywhere where python can run! 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 19. Frameworks! • Django! – By far the most popular! – Seriously batteries included! – HUGE community! • Massive library of drop-in modules! – ORM (which inspired SQLAlchemy)! • Can support SQLite, Postgres, MySQL, MSSQL! – Automatic, customizable admin! • Can handle CRUD on models! • Manage users, permissions on a per model basis! – Template engine (inspired Jinja, AngularJS)! 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 20. Frameworks! • Tie-in with the front-end! – Almost all these are MVC style applications! – Front-end is defined by the templates (usually)! – Relies on Apache/Nginx etc… to serve static media! • Can leverage this for very robust rich applications! – Rapidly deploy REST back-ends using Flask/Django etc..! – REST drop-ins can leverage model definitions quite nicely! – Deploy Single Page apps over static channels! 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 21. Deployment! • Python Support! – Hosts that provide VPS and a Python install! • Configure through CGI/FastCGI! – Not optimal, but possible! – Python friendly hosts are increasing! • Site5, BlueHost, HostMonster, etc… work well! – PAAS! • Heroko, DotCloud, Pythonanywhere! ! 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 22. Deployment! • Apache / Nginx! – Support python deployments through! • fastCGI! • WSGI interface via mod_wsgi! – Web Server Gateway Interface! – Communication between server and Python framework! – Recommended! – … Synchronous! 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 23. Deployment! • Real-Time apps become messy! – WSGI is blocking, and synchronous by definition.! – uWSGI (and other implementations) are coming around to it.! 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 24. Deployment! • Asynchronous stuff! – Greenlets! • Combining WSGI with Gevent! • A bit “hackish” TBH! – Tornado! • Developed by FriendFeed, maintained by Facebook! • Very robust! 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!
- 25. Q&A! Thanks! ! Don’t forget to follow @kudanai on twitter! 2014 Kickstart Tech-Talks @kudanai!