For the KubeCon 2015 Opening Keynote, Brendan Burns from Google presented on the current state and future state of Kubernetes. KubeCon schedule link: http://sched.co/4Uq7

1. Kubernetes
Where we are, where we’re going and why
Brendan Burns
Senior Staff Software Engineer

2. Where are we?

3. Where are you?

4. Where are we going?

5. Where are we going?
We’re making reliable, scalable, agile
distributed systems a CS101 exercise

6. Scaling Kubernetes to 1M QPS

7. Building a demo to 1M QPS
nginx-service
10.0.0.3
Loadbot
Replication
Controller

8. Building a demo to 1M QPS
nginx-service
10.0.0.3
Kubernetes
API Server
Data Aggregator
pods where
app=loadboat
data-service
10.0.0.4
Demo GUI

9. The road ahead
1
2
3
Kubernetes 1.1
Looking ahead to Kubernetes 1.2
Flags in the distance

10. Kubernetes 1.1
Autoscaling
Batch
Jobs
HTTP Load
Balancing
Resource
Overcommit
IP Tables
Kube Proxy
New
kubectl
tools
1M QPS, 1000+ nodes* and much more!

11. Kubernetes 1.1
Autoscaling
1M QPS
1k+ Nodes
HTTP Load
Balancing
Resource
Overcommit
IP Tables
Kube Proxy
New
kubectl
tools
And much more!
Releasing today!
Rolling out to Google Container Engine this week
[new clusters]
Rolling out to existing Container Engine clusters in ~2 weeks
[send us a note if you want it earlier]

12. Ingress for HTTP Load Balancing [Beta]
Service-foo: 24.1.2.3 Service-bar: 24.4.5.6

13. Ingress for HTTP Load Balancing
Service-foo: 10.0.0.1 Service-bar 10.0.0.2
api.company.com
24.7.8.9
http://api.company.com/foo http://api.company.com/bar

14. Ingress for HTTP Load Balancing
Service-foo: 10.0.0.1 Service-bar 10.0.0.2
api.company.com
24.7.8.9
http://api.company.com/foo http://api.company.com/bar
Ingress API

15. Ingress API
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: test
spec:
rules:
- host: k8s.io
http:
paths:
- path: /foo
backend:
serviceName: fooSvc
servicePort: 80
- path: /bar
backend:
serviceName: barSvc
servicePort: 80
fooSvc barSvc
http://k8s.io/foo http://k8s.io/bar

16. Ingress API
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: test
spec:
rules:
- host: k8s.io
http:
paths:
- backend:
serviceName: k8sSvc
servicePort: 80
- host: j7a.io
http:
paths:
- backend:
serviceName: j7aSvc
servicePort: 80
k8sSvc j7aSvc
http://k8s.io/* http://j7a.io/*

17. Implementing Ingress
Ingress Object
Ingress Controller
● GCE
● HAProxy*
● ...

18. Horizontal Pod Autoscaling [Beta]
Service-foo: 10.0.0.1
api.company.com
24.7.8.9
http://api.company.com/foo

19. Horizontal Pod Autoscaling [Beta]
Service-foo: 10.0.0.1
api.company.com
24.7.8.9
http://api.company.com/foo
https://www.flickr.com/photos/davedehetre/4440211085

20. Horizontal Pod Autoscaling [Beta]
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
metadata:
name: php-apache
spec:
scaleRef:
kind: ReplicationController
name: php-apache
namespace: default
minReplicas: 1
maxReplicas: 10
cpuUtilization:
targetPercentage: 50
https://www.flickr.com/photos/davedehetre/4440211085

21. But why is it called “Horizontal”?

22. But why is it called “Horizontal”?

23. But why is it called “Horizontal”?

24. Jobs [Beta]
Service-foo: 10.0.0.1
api.company.com
24.7.8.9
http://api.company.com/foo

25. Jobs
Service-foo: 10.0.0.1
api.company.com
24.7.8.9
http://api.company.com/foo Start Finish

26. Jobs
Start Finish
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Job
metadata:
name: ffmpeg
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: ffmpeg
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: ffmpeg
spec:
containers:
- name: ffmpeg
image: ffmpeg
restartPolicy: OnFailure

27. Jobs
Start Finish
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Job
metadata:
name: ffmpeg
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: ffmpeg
# run 5 times before done
completions: 5
...

28. Jobs
Start Finish
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Job
metadata:
name: ffmpeg
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: ffmpeg
# run 5 times before done
completions: 5
parallelism: 2
...

29. Jobs are a foundation
https://www.flickr.com/photos/dgoomany/4976873174 https://www.flickr.com/photos/kubina/278696130
Shard numbers, Scheduled Jobs, Workflow and more...

30. New APIs: HTTP Load Balancing with Ingress
fooSvc barSvc
http://k8s.io/foo http://k8s.io/bar

31. New APIs: Horizontal Pod AutoScaling

32. New APIs: Jobs
Start Finish

33. But that’s not all...
Autoscaling
Batch
Jobs
HTTP Load
Balancing
Resource
Overcommit
IP Tables
Kube Proxy
New
kubectl
tools
1M QPS, 1000+ nodes* and much more!

34. Memory Overcommit
Guaranteed
Burstable
Best Effort

35. Memory Overcommit
Resource Class Request Limit
Best Guaranteed 10G 10G
Better Burstable 5G 10G
Good Best Effort - 10G

36. IPTables Proxy

37. kubectl improvements
kubectl run -i --tty shell --image=busybox -- sh
kubectl attach -i --tty my-pod
kubectl edit pods my-pod
kubectl apply ...

38. Rolling update improvements

39. Rolling update improvements

40. Rolling update improvements

41. The road ahead
1
2
3
An overview of Kubernetes 1.1
Looking ahead to Kubernetes 1.2
Flags in the distance

42. Why are we all here?
It’s not to run N nodes or M containers
Frankly, it’s not even to run containers
It’s to build applications
It’s to operate applications
It’s to update applications
And to do it all easily.

43. Envisioning distributed systems as applications
type LeaderFn func(isLeader bool, leaderName string)
type LeaderElector interface {
InstallLeaderFunc(leaderFn LeaderFn)
Run()
}

44. Envisioning distributed systems as applications
func myLeaderFn(leader bool, leaderName string) {
if leader {
fmt.Println("I'm the leader")
} else {
fmt.Printf("%s is the leadern", leaderName)
}
}

45. Envisioning distributed systems as applications
package main
func leaderFn(leader bool, leaderName string) { … }
func main() {
elector := impl.NewLeaderElector()
elector.InstallLeaderFunc(leaderFn)
elector.Run()
}

46. Envisioning distributed systems as applications
myLeaderElector
./myLeaderElector --replicas=3 --daemon

47. Envisioning distributed systems as applications
myLeaderElector
./myLeaderElector --replicas=3 --daemon

48. Envisioning distributed systems as applications
myLeaderElector
./myLeaderElector --replicas=3 --daemon
myLeaderElector
etcd
myLeaderElector
etcd
myLeaderElector
etcd

49. Envisioning distributed systems as applications
myLeaderElector
./myLeaderElector --stop
myLeaderElector
etcd
myLeaderElector
etcd
myLeaderElector
etcd

50. Envisioning distributed systems as applications
myLeaderElector
./myLeaderElector --stop

51. The road ahead
1
2
3
An overview of Kubernetes 1.1
Looking ahead to Kubernetes 1.2
Flags in the distance

52. Looking forward to Kubernetes 1.2 : Pre-built applications
Google Deployment Manager is Open Sourced!
https://github.com/kubernetes/deployment-manager
Deis announces Helm
https://github.com/deis/helm
And more to come...
backend
10.0.0.3
frontend
24.1.2.3

53. Cluster-1
Looking forward to Kubernetes 1.2 : Cross cluster management
New Open Source UX
https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard
Cross cluster service import/export
TBD...
Cluster-2
Ubernetes

54. Looking forward to Kubernetes 1.2 : Simplified Config
!! generator.kubernetes.io/java/v1
name: my-java-app
java: 7
jar: some/path/to/my.jar
replicas: 2
resources:
cpu: 1.0
memory: 10G

55. Thank you!