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1.2 CORE‐PERIPHERY MODEL
Background
1. Model is by John Friedmann in the 1960s to explain the
   differences in regional development.

2. The countries in the world can be divided into two main
   groups - the core and the periphery.

3. The core refers to the richer and developed countries
   or regions
   The periphery refers to the poorer and less
   developed countries or regions.

4. Used to explain why uneven development
   happens between countries & within a country.
http://teacherweb.ftl.pinecrest.edu/snyderd/APHG/projects/Core‐Periphery%20Model/gnpmap.gif
How a Core is formed
                          Core country / 
                              region
                              Natural 
                            resources, 
                         natural harbour, 
                             supply of
                           cheap labour

Progress and 
                                                Reputation
development with
•Better infrastructure
•More skilled labour
•Higher income




                                  More investments
How a Periphery is
formed
                      Exploited by Core 
                      through

      Periphery       ‐ Military, I.e. 
    country/ region   Colonisation
     Natural (Raw 
     materials) &     ‐ Economic, I.e. Unfair 
    Human (Labour)    trading rules
      Resources 




     Slow economic          Dependent on Core for
         growth                 development
Characteristics of Core & Periphery Countries

                     Finished products & 
CORE                                          PERIPHERY
                     Investments
 • Jobs are available
 • Key industries:                  • little jobs and investments
 Secondary & Tertiary               Key industries: Primary
 Industries                         • Limited infrastructure
 • Urbanised with good              •Weak & poor economy
 infrastructure
 •Concentration of wealth 


                       Labour & Raw 
                       materials
Core periphery development can have 
      + Positive or ‐ Negative 
       effects on development
 ‐Negative                   + Positive
 (Backwash)                  (Spread) 
• Spread Effect: Benefits of development spread 
  from CORE to the PERIPHERY  inequalities between 
  CORE & PERIPHERY narrows. E.g. Singapore

BUT,


• Backwash Effect: Negative impact          CORE 
  continue to grow at the expense of the PERIPHERY.
• Backwash effect sometimes outweighs the benefits 
  produced by the Spread effect  PERIPHERY to suffer 
  the negative impact of the development of the CORE.

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Development 1.2

  • 2. Background 1. Model is by John Friedmann in the 1960s to explain the differences in regional development. 2. The countries in the world can be divided into two main groups - the core and the periphery. 3. The core refers to the richer and developed countries or regions The periphery refers to the poorer and less developed countries or regions. 4. Used to explain why uneven development happens between countries & within a country.
  • 4. How a Core is formed Core country /  region Natural  resources,  natural harbour,  supply of cheap labour Progress and  Reputation development with •Better infrastructure •More skilled labour •Higher income More investments
  • 5. How a Periphery is formed Exploited by Core  through Periphery  ‐ Military, I.e.  country/ region Colonisation Natural (Raw  materials) &  ‐ Economic, I.e. Unfair  Human (Labour)  trading rules Resources  Slow economic  Dependent on Core for growth development
  • 6. Characteristics of Core & Periphery Countries Finished products &  CORE PERIPHERY Investments • Jobs are available • Key industries:  • little jobs and investments Secondary & Tertiary  Key industries: Primary Industries • Limited infrastructure • Urbanised with good  •Weak & poor economy infrastructure •Concentration of wealth  Labour & Raw  materials
  • 7. Core periphery development can have  + Positive or ‐ Negative  effects on development ‐Negative + Positive (Backwash)  (Spread) 
  • 8. • Spread Effect: Benefits of development spread  from CORE to the PERIPHERY  inequalities between  CORE & PERIPHERY narrows. E.g. Singapore BUT, • Backwash Effect: Negative impact  CORE  continue to grow at the expense of the PERIPHERY. • Backwash effect sometimes outweighs the benefits  produced by the Spread effect  PERIPHERY to suffer  the negative impact of the development of the CORE.